试论我国死刑执行程序的完善

从立法到司法实践,我国死刑执行程序较以前对死刑犯人权的尊重取得了长足的进步,但在具体操作细节上仍然存在一些问题。文章从理念到原则、从制度到规则、从监督到保障、从责任到追究四个方面全面系统地完善我国死刑执行程序,确保通过正当的死刑执行程序,切实贯彻“少杀、慎杀、严禁错杀”的死刑政策,并通过合理人性化的制度设置切实保障死刑犯这一特殊群体的人权。     

检察机关对死刑复核程序法律监督的实务设计

现行死刑复核程序,具有不完整性和"封闭"性特征,丧失了司法权的特性,且缺乏外部监督与制约,极大地减少了法官发现冤案、错案的可能性,不利于保证死刑案件的实体公正。检察机关作为国家的法律监督机关,对死刑复核程序进行法律监督,具有法律依据、政策依据和法律文化传统依据,也是保障人权和保证司法公正的客观要求,是满足广大人民群众对死刑复核工作的新期待和维护我国国际形象的需要。可以针对高级人民法院适用的死刑复核程序和最高人民法院适用的死刑复核程序,设置相应的实务运作程序,实现检察机关对死刑复核的过程和结果的法律监督,及时发现和纠正违法的复核行为和错误的复核裁判,保障死刑的准确适用。     

美国死刑案件有罪答辩自愿性探微

在美国,享有不被强迫自证其罪的权利是保障被告人认罪自愿性的基础。在死刑案件中,被告人作有罪答辩时得到了有效而合格的律师帮助、具有与其律师交流的能力、在知晓指控的性质和答辩有罪的后果是被告人自愿认罪的标志,选择陪审团审判而可能被判处死刑并不是强迫被告人认罪的必然因素。     

单位自首适用中的刑法难题及解决办法

我国刑法明确规定了对自首的犯罪分子可以从轻或减轻处罚,其中犯罪较轻的可以免除处罚。随着理论研究的发展,越来越多的学者肯定单位在犯罪后也可以成立单位自首,我国刑法对犯罪单位的处罚只是笼统的规定了可以判处罚金,导致在对成立自首的单位判处刑罚时没有明确的标准对单位从轻处罚,减轻处罚也无法适用。要使单位自首的适用与刑法相协调,应增设限额罚金制,对犯罪单位增加资格刑等。     

论中国轻罪制度建构的必要性

劳动教养制度废止后,将原来就被视为轻微犯罪的那部分劳动教养内容由刑法接纳,同时将与其同等强度的其他剥夺人身自由的强制措施一并纳入刑法并建立轻罪制度,是完善刑事法律制度体系、使行政处罚与刑事处罚合理衔接、与人权保障国际公约和多数国家刑法普遍立法例接轨、打击预防腐败犯罪建设清廉社会,以及发挥刑法导引作用提升道德水准、应对风险社会的现实需要。从我国社会现实出发,建构轻罪法律制度十分必要。     

Mitigation Evidence and the Ethical Role of a Defense Attorney in a Capital Case

In 1972, the U.S. Supreme Court decided Furman v. Georgia. This landmark case changed the death penalty in the United States. In Gregg v. Georgia (1976), the Supreme Court made it clear that mitigating factors were to be heard before sentencing to ensure individualized sentencing. Every defendant has a story, a family, a childhood, trauma, and celebration—a reason their life should be spared from execution. In a capital case, a defense attorney’s ethical role is to craft that story and articulate it in a way that enables the jury to have a complete picture of the defendant’s background and character as they decide his punishment. Mitigating factors are not an excuse for the defendant’s behavior, but rather an insight into who the defendant is and what has shaped his life. A defense attorney’s ethical duty in a capital case is to argue the case on all legal points and to present a thorough investigation of mitigating evidence. A thorough investigation of all such evidence is required by case law and explained by the standards set forth by the ABA guidelines.     

依法治监与以德育人

依法治国是我国的治国方略,依法治监是依法治国的组成部分。法制现代化要求监狱不仅要依法正确地执行刑罚,而且对罪犯的改造也赋予了时代的要求。因此,在依法治监的前提下,对罪犯的教育改造要贯彻以德育人的方针,使依法治监与以德育人达到有机的统一。     

Support for Harsh Criminal Sanctions and Criminal Justice Beliefs: A Social Dominance Perspective

Much of the criminal justice literature indicates that people’s support for harsh criminal sanctions such as the death penalty is strongly related to their beliefs about deterrence and their beliefs about retribution. In this paper, using social dominance theory as our organizing framework, we expand upon this literature by showing that social dominance orientation (SDO) is also related to support for harsh criminal sanctions, as well as to deterrence and retribution beliefs. In addition, we show that the relationships between SDO, on the one hand, and support for various forms of severe criminal sanctions, on the other, are mediated by deterrence and retribution beliefs.

On the Limitation of Penalties and the Non-Equivalence of Penalties and Taxes

This paper compares the impacts of a penalty on accident and a per-unit tax on output, when social damages depend on the output of firms. The choice of the optimal regulation, aiming at internalizing a damage, is influenced both by the market power of firms and by their potential (in)solvency in case of accident. Output strategies influence the solvency situation of firms for paying a penalty, which may lead to multiple equilibria (all firms are either solvent or insolvent in case of accident). When social damages are large, the optimal penalty is capped for avoiding a situation with insolvent firms. In this case, a regulator implements a per-unit tax.JEL Classification: K13, L13     

简评量刑建议制度

量刑建议制度 ,从本质上讲是一种请求权。它有助于确保量刑公正 ,保障程序公正、公开 ,促使控辩双方平等对抗 ,提高诉讼效率与当庭宣判率 ,转变人们的诉讼观念