浅议食品卫生的刑法保护

食品卫生事关人民群众的生命安全和身体健康,只有将食品卫生法和刑法有效衔接,充分利用和发挥刑法的保障功能,加大对食品卫生违法犯罪的惩罚力度,才能有效杜绝食品卫生犯罪频发的现象,真正保护广大人民群众的身体健康,维护市场经济秩序的健康发展。     

2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化管理成效分析

目的:了解2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化管理效果,评价放射卫生规范化监管模式作用,为加强医疗机构放射卫生监督管理和提高医疗机构放射卫生监督管理水平提供依据。方法:汇总2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化数据,分析指出卫生监管中存在的问题。结果:2015-2018年淄博市张店区放射卫生监督规范化管理成效显著,机构、设备、人员等数量显著增加,许可率、规范率和培训率等均达到100%。结论:"放射卫生监督规范化、放射诊疗行为规范化和放射技术服务行为规范化"等三个规范化监管有效推动全区医疗机构监督管理水平提升。     

上海城市卫生管理

近年来,上海市以“创建”着手,探索城市管理新机制,围绕“三年目标”着重抓了拆违、清路、治脏、植绿、除害、添美等工作,城市卫生管理水平逐年提高。     

生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪的司法适用新论——以两高最新司法解释为视角

2013年5月2日,最高人民法院、最高人民检察院颁布的关于食品安全的司法解释对生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品罪进行了详细的规定,明确了本罪的入罪门槛,以仅设置下限不设置上限的罚金刑方式回应本罪谋利性本质,并且将本罪客观行为从“生产、销售”扩大至“加工、销售、运输、贮存”等环节,可谓以“横向到边、纵向到底”的方式全面规制生产、销售不符合安全标准的食品犯罪行为.然而,其仍未解决食品监管渎职罪规定笼统、入罪门槛模糊以及本罪共犯范围过宽的问题,并未做到宽严相济、宽严有度,实现对本罪的合理规制.     

突发公共卫生事件应急过程中的公法思考

应对突发公共卫生事件的过程是处理公民权利与国家权力之间关系的过程。在应对突发公共卫生事件的过程中,公民有知情权,政府有信息公开义务;公民财产权受法律保护,国家征用财产的权力应受法律规制;公民人身自由权受法律保护,强制隔离措施的采取应依法进行。     

广东农村饮水卫生现状及改水对策

我省历史上水性肠道传染病的暴发流行多数与饮水卫生问题有关。为解决农民饮水卫生问题 ,自 5 0年代以来 ,广东以改水为中心的农村卫生工作取得了显著成绩 ,使 98%的农村人口饮水卫生条件得到了改善 ,70 .3%的农民喝上了自来水。但是 ,农村饮水卫生目前仍存在水源受污染、水厂供水合格率不高、分散式供水不安全因素多等问题。改善我省农村饮水现状 ,要结合村镇总体规划做好供水规划 ,保护好水资源 ,完善供水设施 ,加强供水管理     

“The (final) solution of the Gypsy-question:” continuities in discourses about Roma in Hungary, 1940s–1950s

Although the repression and elimination of Roma from Hungarian society in the 1940s did not reach the same extent as in the German and Austrian part of the Third Reich, their characterization as lazy and work-shy, used to justify their persecution, was similar. This paper establishes the presence of racial hygienic discourse related to Roma during the late 1930s and the first half of the 1940s in Hungary, and traces its survival and influence on regional policy-making in the postwar period. It furthermore explores the transformation and adaptation of racism and eugenics to the socialist ideology of equality based on citizens’ participation in productive work in the early state socialist period, including the first Party declaration on the situation of Roma in Hungary in 1961. Specific attention is paid to the role of medical experts who discussed the “radical solution of the Gypsy-question” in the early 1940s and the immediate years following World War II. Reflecting on wider transformations of racism in the postcolonial and post-World War II period in Europe and North America, the paper contributes to scholarship that complicates the evaluation of the state socialist past, including the connection between medicine and politics in Cold War Europe.     

生产销售食品犯罪几个疑难问题的认定——不卫生食品与有毒、有害食品罪名认定

不符合卫生标准的食品是指不符合《食品安全法》规定的食品卫生及安全标准的食品,它包括两层含义：一是这些食品的原料是食品原料,而不能是掺入的非食品原料;二是该食品是不符合卫生标准的食品。有毒、有害食品是指掺入了有毒、有害的非食品原料的食品。区分两种生产销售食品犯罪的根本在于两个：一是毒源不同,二是掺入方式不同。     

Air, water, and surface bacterial contamination in a university-hospital autopsy room

Today, little is known about the bacteriological environment of the autopsy room and its potential interest for medico-legal practices. Seven hundred fifty microbiological samples were taken from surface (n = 660), air (n = 48), and water (n = 42) to evaluate it in a French University Forensic Department. Median bacterial counts were compared before and during autopsy for air samples, and before and after autopsy for surface samples, using Wilcoxon matched pairs signed ranks test. Bacterial identification relied on traditional phenotypic methods. Bacterial counts in the air were low before autopsy, increased significantly during procedure, and seemed more linked to the number of people in the room than to an important production of aerosol-containing bacteria. Despite cleaning, human fecal flora was omnipresent on surfaces, which revealed insufficient disinfection. Bacteriological sampling is an easy way to monitor cleaning practices in postmortem rooms, but chiefly a way to improve the reliability of medico-legal proofs of infectious deaths.     

Hygienic beauty: discussing Ottoman-Muslim female beauty,health and hygiene in the Hamidian Era

This article examines discussions on Ottoman-Muslim female beauty, health and hygiene in the Hamidian Era (1876–1909). Analysing the Hamidian popular press, advice literature and textbooks for girls, the article argues that these discussions were more than just female ‘physical culture’ debates, involving larger issues of late-Ottoman regeneration. Wars, epidemics, massive migration movements and fluctuations in population pushed the late-Ottoman state to create healthy generations as a productive force to secure the Empire's future in general and the Ottoman Muslim population's welfare in particular. Maintaining good health expanded from a religious obligation into now also becoming a patriotic duty incumbent upon Ottoman subjects knowing and applying modern hygienic principles. Focus on Ottoman-Muslim women's procreativity shifted female beauty into a public discussion, now defined as a reflection of health. The new hygienic beauty discourse distinguished between preserving vs. harming one's health in the face of Western fashions and cosmetics: healthy beauty mirrored a ‘good complexion’.