试论个体认同与集体认同之间的内在关系

认同问题已经成为学术界的一个热点话题。个体认同和集体认同之间在强调的重点、所具有的功能、适用的范围三方面存在差异。个体认同和集体认同从根本上说具有极大的共同性和相似性,而这个共同性与相似性的基础在于社会性。个体认同和集体认同永远处于一种相互塑造中。对个体认同与集体认同的内在关系的考察是和谐社会研究的重要内容。     

Maternal Acceptance as a Moderator of the Relation Between Threat to Self Appraisals and Mental Health Problems in Adolescents from Divorced Families

Appraisals about the implications of stressful events that are evaluated as involving a threat to self (negative self-evaluation, negative evaluation from others, rejection by others) have been shown to place youth at risk for the development of mental health problems. This longitudinal study tested a protective-stabilizing interactive model, in which high maternal acceptance was predicted to mitigate the prospective relation between threat to self appraisals and change in adolescents’ mental health problems six months later. Participants were 89 adolescents from divorced families ages 10–12 and residential mothers. Adolescents reported on threat to self appraisals from the most stressful event experienced in the past month. Mothers and youth reported on maternal acceptance and mental health problems. Multiple regression analyses provided support for the protective effects of maternal acceptance on adolescents’ mental health problems. Intervention implications are discussed. Ana Brown is a pre-doctoral fellow in prevention research (NIMH 2 T32 MH18387–19) and doctoral student in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Research interests include the study of children’s appraisals and responses to stressful events in the prevention of mental health problems. Sharlene Wolchik is a clinical psychologist and professor in the Department of Psychology at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research focuses on identifying risk and protective factors for children whose parents have divorced. She also has designed and evaluated the efficacy of preventive interventions for children from divorced families and children who have experienced parental bereavement. Jenn-Yun Tein is a research associate professor and Co-Director of the Research Methodology Core of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. Her research interests include analyses of mediation and moderation of preventive interventions as well as applications of methodology and statistics in prevention research. Irwin Sandler is a Regents’ Professor in the Department of Psychology and Director of the Prevention Research Center at Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ. His research interests focus on understanding resilience for children exposed to stress and on the development, evaluation and dissemination of programs to promote resilience and prevent mental health problems for children in stress.     

识别制度研究在解决区际法律冲突中的价值

识别是在适用冲突规范时,依据一定的法律观念,对有关的事实构成作出"定性"或"分类",将其归入一定的法律范畴,并对有关的冲突规范进行解释,从而确定应援用哪一种规范的认识过程。识别在判定涉外民事关系的法律性质、确定涉外民事关系应适用的法律规范的过程中被广泛采用,是解决涉外民事纠纷的必要程序。我国是一个一国两制三法系四法域的国家,内地与香港、澳门、台湾之间存在着各种各样的法律冲突问题,即区际法律冲突,而科学的识别制度和完善的识别理论是解决区际法律冲突的前提和基础。因此,在存在法律冲突的区际法律关系中,科学的识别制度同样是非常重要的。     

侵犯商业秘密犯罪案件司法难点问题及对策

侵犯商业秘密罪是世界各国较为普遍的经济犯罪现象。难点:1.商业秘密概念的界定;2.保密情况;3.损失数额认定;4.商业秘密犯罪审级问题。对策:1.明确商业秘密内涵;2.严格商业秘密构成的认定;3.完成商业秘密的刑事保护;4.侦查手段的完善与证据意识的加强。     

我国私有财产权宪法保护的若干问题与完善

2004年宪法修正案使私有财产权第一次在我国宪法中有了它的地位。但也存在着合法的私有财产的界定,公、私财产宪法地位是否平等,私有财产权的宪法正统地位等问题,这些问题都可以通过宪法解释加以完善。为了实施2004年宪法保护私有财产权的这一修改,建立我国违宪审查机制是当务之急。     

陕西连锁经营发展中存在的问题及对策

连锁经营已成为当今世界最富有活力、发展最迅速和先进的现代流通经营方式和组织形式。陕西连锁业近几年发展迅速,但存在企业规模小、竞争力不强,管理方式粗放、经营运作不规范,资金、人才短缺等问题。面对良好的发展机遇,必须采取切实可行的措施,促进本土连锁业发展达到一个新的水平。     

人耳自动识别技术探讨

人耳识别是一种新的生物识别技术。一套完整的人耳自动识别系统一般应该包括以下几个环节:人耳图像采集、图像预处理、人耳图像的边缘检测与分割、特征提取、样本训练和模板匹配。人耳识别方法主要有主元分析法、神经网络法、力场转换方法、基于3D耳朵检测和识别方法。     

公共问题界定：政策研究的新视角

传统的政策规划与政策分析研究,很少将注意力放在公共问题的本质及界定上。从上世纪八十年代起,一些美国公共政策研究学者开始将目光转向关注公共问题的界定方式与政策分析各个环节的关系。这种通过公共问题界定来分析政策过程的视角,对理解议程变化、政策变迁、政策评估等方面都具有重要意义。     

“当代中国马克思主义大众化”学理探析

“当代中国马克思主义大众化”是“当代中国”的“马克思主义大众化”；把“当代中国马克思主义大众化”解读为“马克思主义”在“当代中国”“大众化”既是“马克思主义”发展的客观趋势，又是当代中国“大众”的实际需要，它反映出我们的“马克思主义观”有了一个根本性的转变，即由以传统的“主义”为中心转变为以民众现实的“问题”为中心；推动“当代中国马克思主义大众化”，就必须深化研究“当代中国”“大众”的实际需要、根本利益和现实问题，以解决“大众”关心的重大的现实问题为突破口。     

DNA指纹图在法医学鉴定中应用的研究(Ⅰ)

应用 MYO DNA 探针对中国人进行了 DNA 遗传指纹图检验。从两个家系16人及100个无关个体中取肘静脉血提取 DNA,用限制性内切酶 HinfⅠ或 HaeⅢ水解,1%琼脂糖凝胶电泳分离,经 Southern印迹转移,MYO DNA 探针杂交,获得了清晰可辨的 DNA 指纹图谱。结果每个个体在3.0Kb 以上均能检出10条以上杂交区带,个体间的相关概率<4×10~(-9),由杂交区带构成的图谱是个体特异的,杂交区带遵循孟德尔的显性遗传方式由亲代向子代遗传;具有 DNA Fingerprints 的特点。对两起亲子鉴定的案例进行指纹图检验,孩子所存在的杂交区带,除来自母亲外,其余可在嫌疑父亲带中找到,肯定了孩子与嫌疑人的父子关系。MYO DNA 探针在亲子鉴定与个人识别的法医学鉴定中有着重要的实用价值。