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51.
词汇学习是语言习得的重要方面,也是外语教学过程中的重要一环。从认知心理学的角度来认识大学英语词汇教学,阐明学生对英语词汇认知的过程和词汇信息加工过程,旨在提高大学英语词汇教学效果。 相似文献
52.
Cindy D. Kam 《Political Behavior》2005,27(2):163-182
This article explores individual differences in citizens’ reliance on cues and values in political thinking. It uses experimental
evidence to identify which citizens are likely to engage in heuristic processing and which citizens are likely to engage in
systematic processing in developing opinions about a novel issue. The evidence suggests that political awareness crisply distinguishes
between heuristic and systematic processors. The less politically aware rely on party cues and not on an issue-relevant value.
As political awareness increases, reliance on party cues drops and reliance on an issue-relevant value rises. Need for cognition
fails to yield clear results. The results suggest two routes to opinion formation: heuristic processing and systematic processing.
Political awareness, not need for cognition, predicts which route citizens will take. 相似文献
53.
构建社会主义和谐社会的核心是实现人的和谐,关键是通过认知社会成员的心理状况,及时调整相关政策措施,满足人们的合理需要,解决所存在的社会问题并干预或消解不良社会行为的发生以及通过激励有利于社会发展的社会行为,塑造积极健康的社会心理,在社会心理认知的基础上为构建社会主义和谐社会创造条件。 相似文献
54.
违法建筑物之私法问题研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
违法建筑引发的民事纠纷已成为我国当前亟待解决的社会问题 ;本文从违法建筑物的归属关系、利用关系和侵权之诉三个层面对其私法关系进行剖析。笔者认为 ,建筑物违法不能阻却建筑人对其享有所有权 ,以其为标的的买卖、赠与、继承、出典等法律行为也并非绝对无效 ,而是具有一定程度的法律效力。文章最后还对违法建筑物侵权之诉中当事人的确定进行了分析 相似文献
55.
吴观雄 《福建公安高等专科学校学报》2002,16(6):44-49
为了对付新的犯罪情况而出现的主动型侦查──监控型侦查和诱导型侦查 ,在刑事侦查实践中有日益扩大应用的趋势。由于侦查权的特殊性和犯罪情况的新变化 ,主动型侦查有存在的必要。立法机关应当从适用的案件范围、适用的实质要件、适用的对象范围等方面对主动型侦查的合法性标准作出明确规制。 相似文献
56.
对于轻微的犯罪行为采用可罚的违法性理论来说明,这在理论和实践中都是得到证明的,但是 判断标准应该如何来界定却是个难题。本文认为,判断行为是否具有可罚的违法性的标准应包括构成要件 阻却和违法性阻却两个方面。构成要件阻却包括质的相对性和量的轻微性,违法性阻却包括目的的正当性、 手段的相当性、法益的衡量、危害的轻微性、行为的必要性与紧急性。 相似文献
57.
Previously, we reviewed how general cognitive processes might be susceptible to bias across both forensic and clinical fields, and how interdisciplinary comparisons could reduce error. We discuss several examples of clinical tasks which are heavily dependent on visual processing, comparing them to eyewitness identification (EI). We review the “constructive” nature of visual processing, and how contextual factors influence both medical experts and witnesses in decision making and recall. Overall, studies suggest common cognitive factors uniting these visual tasks, in both their strengths and shortcomings. Recently forensic sciences have advocated reducing errors by identifying and controlling nonrelevant information. Such efforts could effectively assist medical diagnosis. We suggest potential remedies for cognitive bias in these tasks. These can generalize across the clinical and forensic domains, including controlling the sequencing of contextual factors. One solution is an agnostic primary reading before incorporation of a complete history and interpretation. 相似文献
58.
Three online studies investigated the association between moral disengagement and men’s self-reported harassment proclivity. Participants (total N?=?336) were required to read a vignette depicting either quid pro quo harassment (studies 1 and 2) or hostile work environment harassment (study 3). A salience manipulation was used in each study to explore the causal directionality of this association. The mediating effects of moral judgment, negative affect (guilt and shame) and positive affect (happiness) about the harassment were also assessed as participants were asked to imagine themselves as the harassment perpetrator. Across the three studies, it was shown that moral disengagement had an indirect effect in predicting men’s proclivity to harass by lowering their moral judgment and negative affect about the harassment, conversely amplifying positive affect. Overall, the findings support social cognitive theory, indicating that moral disengagement may enable people to self-regulate their own behavioural inclinations to harass. 相似文献
59.
Cognitive effort is an essential part of both forensic and clinical decision‐making. Errors occur in both fields because the cognitive process is complex and prone to bias. We performed a selective review of full‐text English language literature on cognitive bias leading to diagnostic and forensic errors. Earlier work (1970–2000) concentrated on classifying and raising bias awareness. Recently (2000–2016), the emphasis has shifted toward strategies for “debiasing.” While the forensic sciences have focused on the control of misleading contextual cues, clinical debiasing efforts have relied on checklists and hypothetical scenarios. No single generally applicable and effective bias reduction strategy has emerged so far. Generalized attempts at bias elimination have not been particularly successful. It is time to shift focus to the study of errors within specific domains, and how to best communicate uncertainty in order to improve decision making on the part of both the expert and the trier‐of‐fact. 相似文献
60.
调查表明,从政治态度上看,新生代农民工对团组织的基本认识是令人满意的,但对团组织的认同状况并不乐观。产生这种“认同危机”的基本原因在于利益满足的不充分,其中,“服务”与“需求”的部分错位,不同层级的团组织提供的服务存在较大的同质性,又是导致利益满足不充分的主要原因。因此,在满足主导性需求的基础上提供差异化服务,与党政组织和社会自组织协调行动,利用各种社会资源,构建多种利益满足的工作机制,是团组织在提高认同度时应着重考虑的问题。 相似文献