利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品的来源

利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品的来源,是侦查毒品案件的客观要求,对打击毒品犯罪具有重大意义。随着气相色谱同 位素比值质谱、电感耦合等离子体质谱等现代分析技术的出现,使得我们利用现代物证分析技术推断毒品来源成为可能。     

The forgotten success story: Japan and the methamphetamine problem

This paper examines Japan's policy towards methamphetamine (Japanese: hiropon). Opium has been used in Japan for medicinal purposes since 1722. However, it was strictly controlled. The result was that drug abuse was minuscule. This changed with the introduction of methamphetamine. During the Second World War hiropon was given by the military to fighter pilots and the signal corps in order to help them stay awake and alert. After 1945, the large military stockpiles of methamphetamine found their way onto the black market. With society in chaos, drug abuse spread rapidly and a hiropon epidemic emerged. The introduction of a comprehensive anti-drug package in the mid-1950s, including stricter laws, resulted in that abuse having been almost totally eradicated by 1957. Around 1970 a new wave of abuse (‘the second epidemic’) began. It peaked around 1985, after which abuse tampered off, albeit slowly. A temporary increase in the mid-1990s made Japanese authorities declare the emergence of ‘the third epidemic’ that is still said to be ongoing. Official statistics show, however, that Japan has not seen any such epidemic. In comparison with most other Western countries, methamphetamine abuse in Japan is modest.     

论吸毒者持有毒品行为之定性与定量

吸毒者涉毒案件在毒品犯罪中占有较大比重,其定性与处罚为司法实践所重点关注,其间,既涉及罪与非罪之界定,也涉及此罪与彼罪之区分,当具体分析认定:吸毒者为了自己吸食、注射而非法持有较大数量毒品的,应以非法持有毒品罪论处;对以贩养吸者持有毒品的,应根据其持有毒品的目的、数量,结合证据使用规则,分别以贩卖毒品罪、非法持有毒品罪或者非罪定性处理;对吸毒者已经吸食、注射之毒品不得再计入非法持有毒品的数量之中。     

何首乌饮片及其伪品黄药子的生药鉴别

目的：了解何首乌饮片与其伪品的生药鉴别。方法：对何首乌饮片与其伪品黄药子饮片进行性状及显微鉴别。结果：何首乌饮片与其伪品的外观性状及显微结构区别明显。     

警务人员在禁毒执法中的新挑战

随着禁毒形势的日益严峻及艾滋病迅速蔓延对公众社会造成的威胁和危害,减低毒品危害系列政策应运而生,警务人员在执法工作中的新困难也随之产生。一是执行减低毒品危害措施存在着法律障碍,导致执法警察有可能对一些违反禁毒法律法规的行为抱“忽视”态度;二是随着减低危害工作加入警察执法内容中,警察工作将会比以前更辛苦、艰难;三是禁毒工作还得寻找新的有效措施与其他部门合作。     

Medical Practice in Early Colonial Spanish America: A Prospectus

This paper outlines the current state of research on medical practice in early colonial Spanish America. It argues that medical practice in Spain was more diverse than generally supposed, and that this complicated the exchange that occurred between Native American, African and European medical traditions in the Americas. Control of medical practice in Spanish America was exercised not through the establishment of state institutions, but through the close working of the state and the Church that on the one hand promoted medical care as a charitable activity and on the other sought to suppress practices that were incompatible with Catholic beliefs. However, due to the shortage of trained medical practitioners, the authorities were relatively tolerant of alternative medical practices and this enabled a process of exchange and fusion. The paper illustrates these processes with respect to medical practice in Cartagena de Indias in the early seventeenth century. It concludes with suggestions of avenues for future research.     

RACE,DRUGS, AND POLICING: UNDERSTANDING DISPARITIES IN DRUG DELIVERY ARRESTS*

This article draws on several unique data sources to assess and explain racial disparity in Seattle's drug delivery arrests. Evidence regarding the racial and ethnic composition of those who deliver any of five serious drugs in that city is compared with the racial and ethnic composition of those arrested for this offense. Our findings indicate that blacks are significantly overrepresented among Seattle's drug delivery arrestees. Several organizational practices explain racial disparity in these arrests: law enforcement's focus on crack offenders, the priority placed on outdoor drug venues, and the geographic concentration of police resources in racially heterogeneous areas. The available evidence further indicates that these practices are not determined by race‐neutral factors such as crime rates or community complaints. Our findings thus indicate that race shapes perceptions of who and what constitutes Seattle's drug problem, as well as the organizational response to that problem.     

福建省娱乐场所涉毒问题现状及治理对策

自20世纪90年代末新型毒品进入福建省娱乐场所后,在七八年的时间里,这些场所内滥用的毒品从最初的摇头丸发展为现在的多种类、混合型毒品并存,消费人群也在成倍增长,由此产生的社会危害性日益突出。福建省各地禁毒执法部门针对本地娱乐场所的涉毒情况陆续开展了整治工作,但一些工作上的难点直接制约了治理成效,因而有必要探讨加强娱乐场所涉毒问题的治理对策。     

试论毒品来源同一认定的理论基础

毒品来源同一认定是我国当前毒品检验工作中一个亟待解决的重大课题。从物证理化检验中种属认定的哲学基础上,可表明特征反映体的发掘和表达与种属认定范围之间的正相关关系,以及毒品海洛因的杂质和稀释物在新一鉴定层次中的作用。只要正确认识事物发展、变化的客观规律,充分发挥现代科学技术的作用,就一定能不断拓展我们的视野,把毒品检验的种属认定引向深入,以达到不同层次的“同一”。     

美国与日本的反毒政策可借镜之观点与对策（节选）

近年来 ,台湾面临严重的药物滥用问题 ,对社会治安、民众健康与青少年生存发展 ,均造成重大之伤害 ,实为当前政府与社会之重要课题。美日两国亦颇为毒品所苦 ,其两国对毒品之防治亦不遗余力。他山之石或可攻玉。本文旨在探讨美日两国药物滥用之防治措施 ,并借由归纳两国之防治措施以提供评估相似策略之参考