美国反垄断法对医院合并的适用分析

从上世纪80年代起,美国的医院经历了前所未有的合并浪潮,反垄断执法部门也开始将注意力集中在医疗领域。但是,由于反垄断法的主要目的和分析方法是用来针对传统的商业和贸易领域,而医疗机构并不是纯粹的商业机构,因此反垄断法在控制医院合并时产生了种种新问题。     

立体取证法在侦查毒品犯罪中的运用

立体取证法是指在侦查员在侦查刑事案件的过程中,随着侦查工作的推进,对收集的各种证据从时间、空间多维度上进行同步位移、同步定位的取证方法。毒品犯罪过程具有较强的流动性,需要用时间和空间的定位。毒品犯罪手段的多样化,新型化更需要在在侦查原则中把握。方法的创新、制度的创新的推进力,制度创新是保持高效的重要动力。     

Crime in Central and Eastern European Countries in the Enlarged Europe

An enlarged European Union not only means more territory and a greater population, but also more crimes and perpetrators of crimes. The European integration brings a new challenge to criminology. Comparison of crime statistics across countries is still one of the most difficult methodological problems in criminological analyses. Countries differ in respect of their penal systems and penal policies. Reporting and statistical systems are also different. How, then, can one compare crime between European countries? Can one say where it is safer or where the police work better? Can one determine what the manner of data collection should be so that it reflects reality accurately? This article concentrates on a representation of some trends of crime in Central and Eastern European countries. A main source of information about crime are official crime statistics collected according to the methodological rules worked out by the European Sourcebook of Crime and Criminal Justice Statistics. In the case of homicide, police data are confronted with vital statistics gathered by the World Heath Organization (WHO). The statistics on assault and robbery were compared, as much as possible, with the victimization data from the International Crime Victims Survey (ICVS). The socio-economic context of the crime, the main circumstances of the crime statistics, which affected the interpretation of the crime trends for Central and Eastern European Countries, is presented.     

我省毒品犯罪的现状、预测及对策探讨

毒品问题极大地威胁着青少年的健康成长,毒品问题引发一系列的刑事犯罪活动,在新形势下,我省毒情也将发生重大变化,能否准确预测毒品犯罪和卓有成效地解决毒品问题是对我们的严峻考验。     

试论易制毒化学品违法犯罪的特点及防治对策

易制毒化学品是国家规定管制的,容易用于制造毒品,包括麻醉药品和精神药品的原料和配剂。近年来,我国易制毒化学品违法犯罪案件时有发生,并呈逐年上升的态势,这不仅助长了制贩毒品犯罪的蔓延,而且败坏了国家声誉。管理部门必须根据易制毒化学品违法犯罪的特点,强化易制毒化学品管制基础工作;加强对易制毒化学品知识的培训和宣传教育;依法打击易制毒化学品违法案件;加强易制毒化学品查缉和检测设备以及销毁技术的研发工作,推行社会化管理模式,以遏制易制毒化学品违法犯罪的增长。     

Drugs in oral fluid in randomly selected drivers

There were 13,176 roadside drug tests performed in the first year of the random drug-testing program conducted in the state of Victoria. Drugs targeted in the testing were methamphetamines and Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). On-site screening was conducted by the police using DrugWipe^®, while the driver was still in the vehicle and if positive, a second test on collected oral fluid, using the Rapiscan^®, was performed in a specially outfitted “drug bus” located adjacent to the testing area. Oral fluid on presumptive positive cases was sent to the laboratory for confirmation with limits of quantification of 5, 5, and 2 ng/mL for methamphetamine (MA), methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), and THC, respectively. Recovery experiments conducted in the laboratory showed quantitative recovery of analytes from the collector. When oral fluid could not be collected, blood was taken from the driver and sent to the laboratory for confirmation. These roadside tests gave 313 positive cases following GC–MS confirmation. These comprised 269, 118, and 87 cases positive to MA, MDMA, and THC, respectively. The median oral concentrations (undiluted) of MA, MDMA, and THC was 1136, 2724, and 81 ng/mL. The overall drug positive rate was 2.4% of the screened population. This rate was highest in drivers of cars (2.8%). The average age of drivers detected with a positive drug reading was 28 years. Large vehicle (trucks over 4.5 t) drivers were older; on average at 38 years. Females accounted for 19% of all positives, although none of the positive truck drivers were female. There was one false positive to cannabis when the results of both on-site devices were considered and four to methamphetamines.     

STRAINED LIVES AND CRIME: EXAMINING INTRA‐INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND OFFENDING IN A SAMPLE OF INCARCERATED WOMEN*

When applied to the study of changes in an individual's offending, general strain theory posits that individuals will be more likely to offend during periods of high strain. Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from female inmates, we explore the relationship between intra‐individual changes in strain and changes in offending and drug use. We also examine how different dimensions of strain‐recent composite strain, duration, clustering and accumulation, contribute to the explanation of offending. We find that changes in strain are associated with changes in violence, drug use, and property crime and that these relationships remain after the addition of control variables. Moreover, the strain‐crime relationship holds when the correct causal order is specified. When modeling offending, taking various dimensions of strain into account does increase the amount of variation explained for some outcomes, but other dimensions are highly correlated. We conclude that conceptualizing the interaction between strain and crime as a dynamic process is constructive and that general strain theory will be improved if criminologists move beyond static conceptions of strain.     

涉外毒品犯罪的原因及对策探析

随着我国改革开放步伐的不断加快、经济建设力度的不断加大以及外国人的大量涌入,外国人在广东犯罪不断增加,特别是近年来外国人到广东从事毒品犯罪的现象尤其严重。针对涉外毒品犯罪的严峻形势,需要根据涉外毒品犯罪的特点、原因,采取制定专项管理法规、加强涉外情报建设、建立联动工作机制、提高缉毒科技含量、加强出租屋管理等措施来遏制涉外毒品犯罪的发展,以维护社会的和谐与稳定。     

新型滥用药物丁丙诺啡分析方法研究进展

本文介绍了丁丙诺啡的提取及检测现状,比较了液液提取、固相萃取、酶消化、衍生化等前处理方法的优劣和TLC、GC、GC/MS以及LC、LC/MS等不同分析方法的应用情况。     

国家公共安全与缉毒情报的关系研究

缉毒情报对国家公共安全有着重要的影响,之所以这样认为,主要有三个方面原因:一是因为国家公共安全不仅仅是指国家的军事安全,还包括国家的政治安全、文化安全和经济安全;二是因为毒品犯罪活动对国家公共安全的这四个领域皆有严重的影响;三是因为缉毒情报行动可以提高打击毒品犯罪活动的质量。鉴于此,本文着重从国家公共安全问题的本质、毒品犯罪活动对国家公共安全的影响、缉毒情报在打击毒品犯罪活动中的作用和缉毒情报对国家公共安全的作用四个方面,研究国家公共安全与缉毒情报的关系。