Assessing the Relationship between Immigration Status and Drug Use

The immigration–crime connection has been the basis for numerous immigration policy decisions. However, there are theoretical arguments and empirical evidence both for and against the positive relationship between immigration and crime. Moreover, much of this research has failed to focus specifically on illegal immigrants. The current study examines drug use patterns among 3,050 recently booked arrestees in Maricopa County, Arizona, from April 2007 to September 2008. Using logistic regression, the authors isolate the effects of immigration status on several types of drug use while controlling for relevant individual and situational characteristics. Findings show that illegal immigrants are generally less likely to use drugs when compared to US citizens, with the exception of powder cocaine use. The paper concludes with a discussion of the study's implications for the larger body of research on immigration and crime, as well for immigration and enforcement policy and practice.     

Risk,Social Protection and the World Market

Abstract

This paper sees market building in Asia as part of the larger project of constructing a global market economy – a project which can be traced back to Adam Smith and, more recently, to the founding of a set of global liberal institutions in the post-World War II period. In the last two decades the global liberal impulse behind the creation of these institutions has gained momentum, in step with the emergence of a “world market” of genuinely global scale. The issue of risk is central to the project of building a world market. Following an introduction to the global liberal project, the first section of this paper addresses the question of risk through a critical analysis of the difference between negative risks (both external and internal) that pose a threat to the global liberal project, and the positive risks that the project seeks to embed and incentivise. The second section outlines the treatment of risk in the literature on the “political economy of reform,” and the third provides a detailed analysis of Social Risk Management at the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank over the last decade. The final section reflects on the implications for “building markets in Asia.”     

Mitigating the Risk to Primitive Accumulation: State-building and the Logging Boom in Solomon Islands

Abstract

In recent years, various forms of inter/transnational state-building have become increasingly common as a way of managing the perceived risk posed by dysfunctional governance in so-called fragile states to Western security. In Solomon Islands, the Australian government has led a robust and expansive regional intervention, designed to build the capacity of the Solomon Islands government and bureaucracy to provide more effective governance. Dominant approaches to state-building link state failure with a failure of development and typically involve considerable efforts to promote economic development through the establishing of institutional structures seen to be supportive of liberal markets. Though economic activity has expanded considerably in Solomon Islands following the initial 2003 intervention, much of this has occurred in the unsustainable logging industry, whose expansion is reliant upon primitive accumulation. Therefore, to the extent that the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands' (RAMSI) state-building programmes have supported market-led growth, they have unwittingly acted to mitigate the risk to primitive accumulation. However, the logging boom occurring on RAMSI's watch is likely to lead to future social and political instability, either as a result of resource-depletion or due to bottom-up forms of social conflict around the destruction of local habitats.     

常见毒品GC/FID定量分析方法

目的采用GC/FID方法对5种常见毒品进行定量分析。方法在1mL含有甲基苯丙胺、MDMA、氯胺酮、海洛因及6-乙酰吗啡的混合标准溶液中加入500μg/mL C17内标物20μL,用GC/FID方法定量测定。结果在加标量为62.5μg/mL、125μg/mL、250μg/mL的标准溶液中,5种分析物的回收率为84.3%～110%,日内6次测定的RSD≤5.6%,日间5次测定RSD≤5.4%,线性范围为6.25μg/mL～500μg/mL,检出限为0.1μg/mL～0.3μg/mL,用所建立的GC/FID定量方法对案件样品进行定量分析,同一样品平行测定两次结果相对相差小于7.7%。结论该方法适合于常见毒品的定量分析。     

论免费互联网用户的消费者身份认定——以双边市场理论为视角

任何一个消费者个体或群体都是在市场经济体系中与经营者的互动所形成的,消费者身份的判定必须辅之以这一互动过程的佐证.这一“互动过程”可以笼统地被总结为经营者与消费者之间发生的“生活消费关系”.因此,欲将免费互联网用户认定为消费者身份,必须证明其与互联网经营者之间生活消费关系的存在.而双边市场理论为我们刺透企业“免费”的虚假外表,探知企业真正的运作模式提供了工具,功莫大焉.在这个理论前提之下,我们可以轻易地将免费互联网用户认定为消费者身份.     

Benefits,Challenges, and Enabling Conditions of Collective Action to Promote Sustainable Production and Marketing of Products from Africa's Dry Forests

Collective action has been identified, by governments and nongovernmental organizations, as a mechanism to improve smallholder farmers' bargaining power and access to input and output markets. In many developing countries, supporting collective action has and continues to be an important policy instrument. However, in the collection and marketing of forest products, recognition of and support for producer organizations, is limited. Data, from focus group discussions, key informant interviews, and an analysis of formal producer organizations' functioning and organizational aspects, were used to examine the motives, benefits, challenges, and enabling conditions of collective action in promoting the sustainable production and marketing of shea, frankincense, and honey from dry forests in Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Zambia, respectively. Lessons and key recommendations, including those related to policy, are presented on how collective action through formal producer organizations could be assisted to promote responsible forest products collection and marketing practices that benefit small‐scale producers in Africa's dry forests.     

食品药品安全监管问题分析及其法律规制

食品药品安全的监管问题包括两个层面,即在构成犯罪的场合,属于刑事法律的规制;在违法违规层面,则属于行政法的管辖范围。鉴此,应针对当前监管机制存在的问题,围绕主体厘清、责任明确、制度建构和法条完善四点,展开讨论。通过对相关问题的现状及其成因的检视,提出应对建议,以期食品药品安全监管问题研究的进一步深入和完善。     

美国“技术缉毒”策略新动向探析

近年来 ,美国缉毒部门在反思禁毒策略和缉毒手段的成效中 ,逐步认识到技术缉毒在打击毒品犯罪中的重要作用 ,并在实践中充分利用技术优势 ,特别是在公开查缉毒品犯罪案件的侦查中 ,不断加大技术比重 ,推行“技术缉毒”策略 ,在实践中收到良好效益。     

对西北毒品违法犯罪重点整治地区的调查与思考——以甘肃省临夏回族自治州为例

本文以甘肃临夏回族自治州为例 ,分析了西北重点整治地区的毒品违法犯罪现状及产生原因 ,探讨了治理对策。     

毒品犯罪中的预备案件研究

自毒品的危害被人们认识以来,人类就在不断地采取措施打击毒品犯罪。时至今日,单纯地将毒品打击活动局限在事后打击上,对于日益严峻的毒品犯罪活动显得较为滞后。毒品犯罪案件中的预备案件是将对毒品犯罪的打击提前到预备阶段的一种侦查措施,它能有效地防止人民币外流,减少毒品对社会的危害。预备案件实施必须有可靠的信息情报、丰富的缉毒经验、规范的操作程序和人身安全保障及法律法规的支撑。否则,将可能存在诱人犯罪、侵犯人权甚至增加社会危害性等不良后果。