涉毒违法行为若干问题探讨——解读《治安管理处罚法》对涉毒违法行为的立法与处罚适用

《治安管理处罚法》颁布施行后,将成为公安机关处罚涉毒违法行为的法律依据。该法继承了《关于禁毒的决定》和《治安管理处罚条例》对涉毒违法行为的有关规定,并在调整范围、处罚幅度等方面进行了补充和修改,解决了我国法律在惩治涉毒违法行为的立法和适用上的部分问题;但仍存在立法上的遗漏和适用上的不足,应进一步制订实施细则加以完善。     

追缴赃款赃物的实务困境及制度完善

由于我国现行法律未对赃款赃物的追缴问题作出具体明确的规定,导致实务中陷入困境。在我国司法资源相对匮乏的现状下,赃款赃物的认定机关应根据处理对象的不同而有所区别,有最终程序处理权的机关就应有认定权,认定机关的不同决定应该适用不同的程序,包括普通程序、特别程序和独立程序。从我国现状出发,在程序正当和监督齐备的条件下,赋予侦查机关、起诉机关和审判机关针对法定情况适用不同的程序来认定和处理赃款赃物的权力是必要也是可行的。     

西部民族地区毒品问题的地缘因素探析

西部民族地区严重的毒品犯罪态势很大程度上是由于所处的地缘环境造成的,这无疑对西部民族地区和谐社会的构建造成了很大的影响。因此,研究这一现象背后所隐藏的地缘性因素,是非常有意义的。文章主要从境外与境内两个角度探讨了影响西部民族地区毒品犯罪的地缘性因素。     

透视我省青少年毒品违法犯罪问题

毒品是当今世界一大公害,80年代后又重新蔓延至全国.与此同时,青少年毒品违法犯罪现象也日趋严重,我省亦不例外.必须采取切实有效、综合治理的措施加以控制,以保护青少年健康成长.     

KEY LINKAGES BETWEEN CHILD WELFARE AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE TREATMENT: SOCIAL FUNCTIONING IMPROVEMENTS AND CLIENT SATISFACTION IN A FAMILY DRUG TREATMENT COURT*

This article summarizes early findings regarding social functioning and client satisfaction from a longitudinal study of women receiving treatment in a family drug treatment court located in the Midwestern United States (N = 33). Drug treatment court participants were interviewed at program entry and when they had completed 6 months of treatment. Family drug court participants reported significant improvements in employment status and increases in earned income after 6 months of treatment. Respondents also reported improved social functioning and high overall levels of satisfaction with treatment. Findings and implications for future research are discussed.     

当前毒品测试的检材及方法

严峻的毒品形势使禁毒已成为我们公安工作的重要内容,当前缉毒检测工作的一个重点就是不断研究出快速准确的毒品检测方法。人体内毒品成分测试可用的检材有很多,采用最多的检材是尿液。常用的方法有仪器和非仪器两种。无论哪种方法,最初的筛选采用的都是免疫测试的方法。这也是当前流行的方法及研究的一个重要课题。本文将从检材和方法两方面进行人体内毒品成分检测的讨论。     

An epidemic of illicit fentanyl deaths in Cook County, Illinois: September 2005 through April 2007

Between September 2005 and April 2007, 350 fentanyl intoxication deaths were investigated and certified by the Cook County Medical Examiners Office. Investigations revealed that the majority of these fatalities were by intravenous injection of a white powder followed by a rapid collapse. The fentanyl was clandestinely produced in a lab in Toluca, Mexico and sold by the Mickey Cobra street gang. The term "Drop Dead" was coined for this "tainted heroin." Postmortem samples were screened by ELISA and confirmed by standard GC-MS methods. Fentanyl fatalities peaked at 47 per month in May and June 2006. Fifty-two percent were single fentanyl intoxications, with the remainder accompanied by either cocaine, morphine from heroin, or alcohol. This epidemic stressed the limited resources of the toxicology laboratory and autopsy service of the Medical Examiners Office. The clandestine lab was terminated, distributing gang members and leaders arrested, and the epidemic ceased in April 2007.     

Tropane ethyl esters in illicit cocaine: isolation, detection, and determination of new manufacturing by-products from the clandestine purification of crude cocaine base with ethanol

Seven ethyl homologues of known tropane esters have recently been detected as impurities in the gas chromatographic signature profiles of authentic Peruvian illicit cocaine base and hydrochloride exhibits. Peruvian cocaine base processors are now known to use ethanol for the purification of crude cocaine base. This process is referred to as the "base lavada" or "washed base" process and is a recent substitute method for the potassium permanganate oxidation purification methodology. Seven ethyl ester homologues were formed in illicit cocaine from the transesterification of known tropane methyl esters or possibly ethyl esterification of their respective tropane C-2 carboxylic acids in the presence of ethanol. Exhibits containing these compounds were subjected to gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analyses to determine their identity and were subsequently synthesized to verify their structures. Quantitative determinations were obtained from ion-pair chromatography isolation followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Specifically, hexanoylecgonine ethyl ester, cocaethylene, cis-cinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester, trans-cinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester, 3',4',5'-trimethoxybenzoylecgonine ethyl ester, cis-3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester, and trans-3',4',5'-trimethoxycinnamoylecgonine ethyl ester were detected and characterized. When present, these compounds were detected at levels ranging from 8.6 x 10(-4) to 9.3 x 10(-1)% relative to cocaine.     

ADOLESCENT DRUG USERS: THE JUSTICE SYSTEM IS MISSING AN IMPORTANT OPPORTUNITY

A significant number of youth and young adults who use drugs have fallen through the cracks of our juvenile and adult justice systems in terms of receiving any meaningful services. The situation is due to a number of factors, including the reliance on adolescent self reporting utilized by most of the research, the failure of justice and other systems to routinely assess youth for either current drug use or indicia of drug use (e.g., "resiliency" or "protective" factors), and confidentiality and other restrictions pertaining to access to juvenile justice system information. Yet, retrospective reviews of drug use patterns for adults in the criminal justice system make it clear that drug use is beginning for most of these offenders during adolescence or before. This article urges (1) juvenile courts to develop mechanisms for systematically screening youth who come into the system for drug use and/or propensities for drug use and (2) adult courts to embark on similar strategies and to develop adolescent tracks that would be geared to providing the services these youth (despite their chronological age) need and would otherwise not receive in the adult system.     

刑事案件赃款追缴若干问题探讨

我国刑事追缴制度具有自身特点,善意取得是刑事追赃的法律阻却。权衡刑事追赃与民事善意取得法理利益,分析善意取得制度内在价值与机理,赃款归还个人欠款应当不适用善意取得。根据对货币法律属性的进一步探讨,货币适用善意取得还得依赖相应的法律规范与交易行为。