健脾化湿通络方药对3 449例风湿病患者终点事件影响的队列研究

目的 通过随访风湿病出院患者健脾化湿通络方药的应用情况,观察中医药治疗风湿病的效应。方法 采用队列研究方法,电话随访风湿病住院患者出院后服用中成药和中药汤剂的时间（＜28 d者定义为非暴露组,＞28 d、且≤90 d者为低暴露组,＞90 d、且＜180 d者为中暴露组,≥180 d者为高暴露组）。采用χ2检验、Logistic回归法分析健脾化湿通络方药治疗与终点事件发生的相关性。结果 3 449例患者完成随访,失访率16.18%（666/4 115）。出院后应用中成药、中药汤剂时间≥28 d的风湿病患者共2 877例,应用频次较高的中成药依次为新风胶囊、新癀片、黄芩清热除痹胶囊、雷公藤多苷片、杜仲壮骨丸、颈椎活血胶囊等。终点事件发生185例,其中高暴露组发生18例(9.73%),中暴露组31例(16.76%),低暴露组48例(25.95%),非暴露组88例(47.57%),终点事件发生率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。Logistic回归分析结果表明,暴露强度、新风胶囊、雷公藤多苷片、黄芩清热除痹胶囊为终点事件的保护因素。结论 终点事件的发生与中医药治疗的强度相关,以新风胶囊为代表的健脾化湿通络方药能减少风湿病患者终点事件的发生。     

10种中药水煎剂对念珠菌的体外抑菌作用

目的 观察苦参、土槿皮、黄柏、百部、黄连、虎杖、黄芩、大黄、藿香、五倍子及其混合液体外抑制念珠菌的效果。方法 参照1997年美国国家临床实验标准化委员会M27-A方案中的酵母菌微量稀释法进行药敏试验。结果 同一种中药水煎剂及不同的单味中药水煎剂对不同的念珠菌标准菌株的最低抑菌浓度(minimum inhibitory concentration，MIC）各不相同，中药混合液对5种标准菌株的MIC最低，均≤0.031 25 g/ml。结论 不同的中药对不同的念珠菌的抑制作用各不相同，复方对念珠菌的抑制作用优于单味中药。     

Understanding markers of trust within the online stolen data market: An examination of vendors’ signaling behaviors relative to product price point

Research Summary

The current study examined 1055 stolen data products across 40 vendors on the Open and Dark Web to determine whether different product- and vendor-level behaviors predicted vendors’ trustworthiness as reflected in their product price point. Understanding the mechanisms that convey trust in the underground marketplace is crucial as it could help law enforcement target serious actors and disrupt the larger marketplace. Findings suggest the online stolen data market may resemble an uninformative cost condition where buyers are unable to accurately differentiate credible sellers due to the obscure nature of signaling behaviors.

Policy Implications

Law enforcement would benefit from designing fake shops and deceptive forum posts that transmit mixed signals to complicate market participants’ process of interpreting trust signals as intended. These interventions would generate high levels of risk that encourage both buyers and sellers to exit the online illicit marketplace without needing law enforcement arrests. Law enforcement could also target prominent market facilitators to generate a larger disruption that prevents actors from continuing their illicit behavior.