眼眶骨折的影像学诊断及法医学评定

在眼眶骨折的法医学鉴定中常常出现漏诊和误诊。目前影像学技术在研究眼眶骨折的法医学特点和评价外伤的严重程度中有重要的意义。本文综述了眼眶骨折的分类、发病机制和影像学诊断的特点,对于眼眶骨折的法医学评价和鉴定有较好的帮助。     

Enhancement of Latent Fingerprints on Fabric Using the Cyanoacrylate Fuming Method Followed by Infrared Spectral Mapping

A method has been developed for the visualization of latent fingerprints on fabrics, which is based upon cyanoacrylate (superglue) fuming followed by imaging using an infrared microscope. Results show that imaging on smooth, shiny fabrics such as polyester, silk, nylon, and acetate of different colors and patterns can give an improvement over existing enhancement methods. Results for cotton and polycotton were less successful and it is thought this may be due a combination of the presence of the carbonyl functional group in these fabrics as well as their absorbency to fingerprint sweat. The carbonyl peak (1700 cm^?1) provided the optimum spectroscopic feature to map and image a fingerprint. Comparisons between infrared mapping at a specific frequency range and principal component analysis showed that improved imaging was obtained with principal component analysis.     

基于“治养并重”理论，运用推拿联合易筋经治疗 神经根型颈椎病临床观察

[摘要]目的 基于国医大师李业甫“治养并重”理论,观察推拿联合易筋经治疗神经根型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic radiculopathy,CSR）的临床疗效。方法 前瞻性收集60例CSR住院患者,依据其是否愿意接受易筋经习练分别纳入治疗组和对照组,两组各30例。治疗组患者在院接受推拿联合易筋经治疗,出院后1个月继续习练易筋经;对照组在院接受推拿治疗,出院后1个月无任何干预。分别于治疗前、治疗后、出院1个月后观察两组患者颈部肌肉弥散张量成像（diffusion tensor imaging,DTI）参数、疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分、颈椎功能障碍指数（neck disability index,NDI）量表评分,并于出院1个月后评定疗效。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后两组患者DTI参数中患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显降低,患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌FA值均明显升高,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,头夹肌FA值,NDI评分改善程度均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。与治疗后比较,出院1个月后除对照组患者患侧胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌FA值差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）外,两组患者胸锁乳突肌、头夹肌ADC值,VAS评分,NDI评分均明显改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;且治疗组DTI参数、VAS评分、NDI评分改善程度均明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组临床疗效优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 “治养并重”指导下推拿联合易筋经治疗CSR可修复颈肌纤维、减轻疼痛、提高颈椎功能及临床疗效,较单纯推拿疗效更佳。     

“手足十二针”对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者运动皮质连接组功能连接的影响

目的 运用静息态功能磁共振技术探究“手足十二针”对缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者运动皮质连接组功能连接（functional connectivity, FC）的影响。方法 纳入37例缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者,分为真穴组25例、假穴组12例。真穴组患者给予“手足十二针”组穴（双侧合谷、内关、曲池、足三里、阳陵泉、三阴交）针刺干预;假穴组患者给予“手足十二针”经穴旁开1寸针刺干预。采用Fugl-Meyer量表(Fugl-Meyer assessment scale, FMA) 评价患者的肢体运动功能,采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表 (National Institute of Health stroke scale, NIHSS) 评价患者的神经系统缺损程度,并进行静息态功能磁共振成像。选取双侧初级运动区（primary motor area, M1）、辅助运动区（supplementary motor area, SMA）、运动前区（premotor cortex, PMC）为种子点,分析计算各脑区间FC值。比较两组患者治疗前后FMA量表、NIHSS评分及FC值。结果 与治疗前比较,真穴组患者治疗后FMA上肢运动功能评分、下肢运动功能评分、总分均显著升高（P<0.05）,NIHSS评分显著降低（P<0.05）;双侧M1 FC值显著升高（P<0.05）,患侧SMA与健侧PMC的FC值显著降低（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,假穴组患者治疗后下肢运动功能评分、FMA总分均显著升高（P<0.05）,NIHSS评分显著降低（P<0.05）。结论 “手足十二针”可能通过增强双侧初级运动区的FC以改善缺血性脑卒中偏瘫患者的运动功能及神经功能缺损程度,且具有穴位特异性,而辅助运动区与运动前区FC的改变也是另一可能的机制。     

大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤脑组织弥散张量成像与免疫组化染色观察

目的观察大鼠弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)模型伤后不同时间大脑白质磁共振弥散张量成像(DTI)弥散参数和β-APP、NF68免疫组织化学染色的变化。方法建立SD大鼠Marmarou DAI模型,分别于伤后3、12、24、72 h行DTI扫描,获取大鼠胼胝体、内囊和外囊弥散参数;比较相应部位β-APP单位面积阳性轴索数及阳性染色面积百分比,NF68平均光密度的伤后变化。结果实验组胼胝体、内囊和外囊轴向弥散(AD)、各向异性分数(FA)伤后逐步下降;β-APP单位面积阳性轴索数量、阳性染色面积百分比及NF68平均光密度伤后逐步增加。相关分析证实AD、FA值与β-APP、NF68变化呈显著负相关。结论 DTI弥散参数可作为DAI早期诊断的生物标记物。     

Body scanners versus privacy and data protection

In recent history, the world has experienced dramatic events which have had a substantial effect on the balance between human rights protection and security measures. Body scanners installed at airports are intended to protect our lives. But at the same time they have a serious impact on privacy and data protection. The international legislation allows limiting people’s rights and freedoms, but only if it is in accordance with the law and is proportionate and necessary for national security, public safety and for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. Do body scanners respect these principles? The article examines the current situation, its background and future prospects. It discusses and analyzes the key terms and legal instruments, problems, disputes and proposed “safeguards”. The work concludes by pointing out the unlawfulness of current regimes and sets forth perspective on the possible solutions.     

In vivo facial tissue depth study of Chinese-American adults in New York City

This study examines facial tissue depth in adult Chinese-Americans. Using ultrasound, measurements were taken at 19 landmarks across the faces of 101 individuals aged from 18 to 87 years. Summary statistics are reported for a sample of 67 individuals of normal weight (as determined by a body mass index [BMI] of 19-25). Statistical analyses were used to assess relationships between tissue thickness, age, and BMI. Results indicate that no significant relationship exists between tissue thickness and age for males, and for only 3/19 points in females. Also, only four points showed significant relationships between tissue thickness and sex. However, significant relationships exist between BMI and tissue thickness at multiple points for both males and females. Compared to other American and Asian populations in the literature, Chinese-Americans generally had thinner facial tissue; though, this difference was not assessed statistically. Finally, data generated in this study will add to the body of knowledge concerning facial tissue depth variation in modern humans.     

PryJector: a device for in situ visualization of chemical and physical property distributions on surfaces using projection and hyperspectral imaging

Traditional forensic methods that highlight the spatial distribution of properties such as blood and fingerprints have two main disadvantages: they often apply chemicals that may influence further analyses, and they cannot easily be modified to search for new compounds/properties. A new instrument (called PryJector) avoids these problems by dynamically projecting back onto the surface under study spatially distributed information of compounds/properties (chemical images) obtained from multivariate analysis of hyperspectral images. Selectivity to target compounds/properties is ensured by multivariate modeling which makes the instrument much more flexible compared to traditional methods. The functionality of the PryJector is demonstrated in an application related to the detection of counterfeit pharmaceuticals where compounds otherwise indistinguishable to the human eye are made clearly visible by projection of false-colored chemical images. The PryJector is shown to be a noninvasive and very flexible instrument for highlighting spatial distributions of various compounds/properties.