排序方式： 共有162条查询结果，搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
尸体断层影像学(post-mortem cross-sectional imaging,PMCSI),也称虚拟解剖(virtopsy)或解剖画像(Ai),是法医学的革命性技术。较国际而言,我国PMCSI领域发展相对缓慢。进行系统的PMCSI文献计量分析研究,对于厘清国际PMCSI发展整体概貌和制定我国PMCSI发展战略方面,有着重要的现实意义。本文通过对2013-2019年PMCSI领域下27个专业术语不同组合进行在线文献搜索,并对文献的年份、作者、研究领域、发表杂志、作者单位、发表国家等系列指标进行了定性定量分析。分析结果表明世界PMCSI发展迅速:PMCSI已成为国际法医学的研究热点;瑞士、日本和英国PMCSI研究位居世界领先地位;尸体计算机断层扫描、尸体计算机断层扫描血管造影和尸体磁共振成像三个领域研究最为深入;PMCSI研究已得到相关学界的认同;法医日常检案中普及PMCSI是世界发展趋势。 相似文献
32.
33.
Bryan R. Burnett M.S. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2016,61(6):1632-1638
These experiments were designed to determine whether skin debris (desquamated epithelial cells and apparent skin oils) affects gunshot residue (GSR) particle detection on the sticky tape lift samples prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A dabbing experiment showed that GSR particles accumulate not only on the adhesive surface of the sampler, but also on the epithelial cell surfaces. Samplers were loaded with target GSR followed by dabbing 30 times on the back of a hand. Backscatter electron images were taken at 20 kV and for some at 30 kV of the same areas. The samplers were then treated with a sodium/calcium hypochlorite solution (bleach) to remove skin debris and again imaged in the SEM. Comparison of these images shows more GSR particles will likely be revealed at 30 kV than 20 kV and more particles revealed by the bleach treatment in an automated SEM system. 相似文献
34.
Gerda J. Edelman M.Sc. Ton G. van Leeuwen Ph.D. Maurice C. Aalders Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2015,60(Z1):S188-S192
The detection of latent traces is an important aspect of crime scene investigation. Blood stains on black backgrounds can be visualized using chemiluminescence, which is invasive and requires a darkened room, or near-infrared photography, for which investigators need to change filters manually to optimize contrast. We demonstrated the performance of visible reflectance hyperspectral imaging (400–720 nm) for this purpose. Several processing methods were evaluated: single wavelength bands, ratio images, principal component analysis (PCA), and “SIMPLe-to-use Interactive Self-modeling Mixture Analysis” (SIMPLISMA). Using these methods, we were able to enhance the contrast between blood stains and 12 different fabrics. On black cotton, blood dilutions were visible with a minimal concentration of 25% of whole blood. The hyperspectral camera system used in this study is portable and wireless, which makes it suitable for crime scene use. The described technique is noncontact and nondestructive, so all traces are preserved for further analysis. 相似文献
35.
Yan Yang B.Eng. Avi Koffman B.Sc. Gil Hocherman M.Sc. Lawrence M. Wein Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(1):103-111
Firearms identification imaging systems help solve crimes by comparing newly acquired images of cartridge casings or bullets to a database of images obtained from past crime scenes. We formulate an optimization problem that bases its matching decisions not only on the similarity between pairs of images, but also on the time and spatial location of each new acquisition and each database entry. The objective is to maximize the detection probability subject to a constraint on the false positive rate. We use data on all cartridge casings matches detected in Israel during 2006–2008 to estimate most of the model parameters. We estimate matching accuracy from two different studies and predict that the optimal use of extraneous information would increase the detection probability from 0.931 to 0.987 and from 0.707 to 0.844, respectively. These improvements are achieved by favoring pairs of images that are closer together in space and time. 相似文献
36.
Rosa M. Martinez M.D. Wolfgang Ptacek Dipl.‐Ing. Wolf Schweitzer M.D. Gernot Kronreif Dr. techn. Martin Fürst Dipl.‐Ing Michael J. Thali M.D. Lars C. Ebert Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2014,59(2):517-521
CT‐guided, minimally invasive needle biopsy techniques can be used to retrieve tissue or body fluid samples for histologic tissue diagnoses in forensic investigations. The purpose of this study was an evaluation of CT‐guided needle‐positioning robot B‐Rob II. To operate under CT guidance, we adopted the B‐Rob II robotic needle placement system and its workflow. The accuracy and speed of the procedure were tested on a gelatin phantom in a series of 21 biopsies. We achieved an average needle placement accuracy of 1.8 mm (±1.1 mm) using robotic assistance. The procedure required an average of 2 min 21 s. The needle placement accuracy for minimally invasive needle biopsies using the B‐Rob II biopsy robot is sufficiently accurate and fast for forensic postmortem examinations of focal organ changes. Further tests will be performed to test the feasibility of the robot for performing biopsies of focal organ changes in human bodies. 相似文献
37.
38.
目的通过MRI和VGStudio MAX 2.2软件对中国汉族成人颅面相关径线进行测量,并分析其与性别、年龄、身高以及体重的关系。方法按颅面标志点设定4条径线。A径线：在正中矢状面上颏下点至头顶点的最大直线距离;B径线：在正中矢状面上发际点至后头点的最大直线距离;C径线：在水平面上左、右外眼点间的最大直线距离;D径线：在冠状面上左、右侧颧点间的最大直线距离;用VGStudio MAX 2.2软件对MRI图像数据进行三维重建,直接用软件的测量工具对颅面的相关径线进行测量,并用SPSS 16.0进行分析。结果 A、B、C、D径线的均值分别为（237.54±8.63）mm、（173.07±8.28）mm、（89.58±4.46）mm、（127.34±8.16）mm,与性别有着显著性差异（P〈0.01）;其中A、C、D径线与身高,A、D径线与体重,C径线与年龄,均存在明显的直线相关关系。结论中国汉族成人颅面径线A、B、C、D均存在明显的性别差异;且A、C、D径线与身高,A、D径线与体重,C径线与年龄,均存在明显的直线相关关系。 相似文献
39.
40.
目的研究膝关节侧副韧带损伤的MRI诊断与法医学鉴定意义。方法对经手术或临床证实的11例共13条损伤的侧副韧带与12例正常膝关节进行回顾性MRI对比研究。结果正常胫、腓侧副韧带在T1WI和T2WI上均呈扁平条状低信号结构,平均长度分别为6.8cm和5.7cm;13条侧副韧带损伤,单纯胫侧副韧带损伤6条,单纯腓侧副韧带损伤3条,两侧侧副韧带同时损伤2例4条;其中I级侧副韧带损伤5条,II级侧副韧带损伤5条;III级侧副韧带损伤3条;7例(63.6%)出现并发症,其中前交叉韧带损伤3条,后交叉韧带损伤4条,半月板损伤2个。结论MRI能清晰显示膝关节侧副韧带解剖结构,能准确诊断侧副韧带损伤并进行分级,还能发现多种并发症,对法医学鉴定有重要意义。 相似文献