ALL CHILDREN ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL: PRWORA'S UNCONSTITUTIONAL RESTRICTION ON IMMIGRANT CHILDREN'S ACCESS TO FEDERAL HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS

The lack of health insurance for children is a serious problem in the United States, especially for those children in families that earn too little to get private health insurance and too much to qualify for Medicare. Even within this subclass of children, immigrant children are particularly vulnerable to the problems faced by lack of health care. Nevertheless, with the passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) by Congress, equality interests of low‐income immigrant children are undermined when immigrant children are denied federal benefits for the first 5 years of residency in the United States. The first part of this Note examines the importance of child health care and the long‐term problems with uninsured children, especially with uninsured immigrant children and pregnant women. The next part introduces Medicaid as well as State Children's Health Insurance Program, a supplemental federal program designed to increase health care coverage to all children, while contrasting these programs in light of the restrictive anti‐immigrant PRWORA provisions. The third part explains the passage of PRWORA, its anti‐immigrant provisions, and how these provisions prevent needy immigrant children from receiving federally funded health care. Then, the fourth part uses both the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to argue the unconstitutionality of the anti‐immigrant provisions. Finally, the last part lays out the recommendation to amend the Social Security Act so that the PRWORA barriers can be removed and recent immigrant children can receive federally funded health care.     

现代中国文学的几大问题

“现代性”改造问题是现代中国文学理论和创作实践始终没有得到很好解决的一个核心,由此造成了现代中国文学发展中的三大突出问题:第一,现代中国文学这一称谓并没有名副其实;第二,文学主体的现代思想与现代意识的欠缺是造成文学客体现代质素稀薄的根源,而文学主体现代性意识的构建又不是短期内可以实现的;第三,在当下意识形态多元化的现代社会中,现代性意识形态相对薄弱,由此造成了现代中国文学发展的巨大困境。当然,随着市场经济体制的构建,包括自由、竞争、民主、平等、人本等现代质素的日益培育成长,这些条件为现代中国文学的复兴提供了可能。     

Switzerland – Really Europe's Heart of Darkness?

Immigration is a prominent and contested global topic of contemporary politics. Several recent popular votes targeting migration such as the minaret initiative, the automatic deportation initiative, and most recently the vote on “mass immigration”, evoke however the impression that Switzerland sets particularly harsh standards in migration policy. Based on historical evidence on Swiss migration policy making and comparative analyses on current cantonal integration policy outputs, I argue that ‐ while far from being a new phenomenon ‐ immigrant scepticism has become a more relevant factor of Swiss migration policy making than ever. Yet, immigration and immigrant scepticism do not only challenge direct democratic Switzerland, but all destination countries of immigration.     

消费主义：人的生存悖论及其扬弃

消费主义的盛行,在一定意义上促进了生产的迅猛发展,带来社会物质财富的巨大增长,提高了人的生活质量,但也使人自身由于追求无止境的满足感而深陷生存焦虑和压力,即＂人为物所役＂;无止境的消费欲求在推动生产发展的同时,也恶化了人的生存环境,从而造成了人生存的悖论。在消费问题上,作为个体的人只有从＂类意识＂出发,理性消费,以促进人的全面自由发展为目的,才能够扬弃生存悖论,创造和谐美好的生活。     

传统规律观的理论困境分析

传统规律观的立论基础是以牛顿力学为代表的近代经典科学，其理论内涵不可避免地具有时代的局限性和滞后性，所面临的理论困境日益凸显；传统规律概念的界定，偏重事物的内部联系，一定程度地忽视了事物的外部联系，使之走向绝对和机械；由此产生了传统规律范畴的先验性、宿命性悖论，并且衍生出人类真理认识上的悖论。     

努力将平凡化为不平凡——与外来务工青年谈谈劳模文化

所谓劳模文化，乃是指包含了有关劳模评选标准、产生规则、奖崇方式、精神特征、特别是影响效力等在内的诸要素之总和，它象征着最积极的劳动态度与最卓越的劳动业绩，其精髓在于岗位上的最大化奉献与创造。这是一种土生土长的中国特色文化，具有将平凡劳动者化为不平凡之神奇效力。外来务工青年宜于其中汲取足够正能量，以使自己亦能在平凡岗位上创出不平凡之业绩。     

The architecture of the Electoral College,the House size effect,and the referendum paradox

Using data from U.S. presidential elections, we show how seemingly insignificant changes to what we call the “architecture” of the Electoral College can cause different candidates to be elected President, even when no one changes how they vote. We consider varying the size of the House of Representatives, the method of apportionment, the number of “Senate” electoral votes cast by each state, and the lower bound on the number of “House” electoral votes cast by each state. We consider, in particular, elections with a “referendum paradox”. In these elections, the electoral vote winner is not the popular vote winner. Our work extends Neubauer and Zeitlin (2003) who analyzed the case of the 2000 election. We give an explanation for the effects that we observe in the data.     

Youthscapes: the politics of belonging for ‘Makwerekwere’ youth in South African schools

This article is framed within the global context of immigration and the resultant debates around citizenship, belonging, inclusion and exclusion. The task of schools as social institutions is to ‘integrate’ and ‘educate’ immigrant youth and as such they can be seen as the primary sites where the politics of belonging and struggles over belonging and citizenship are waged. Drawing on the conceptual framework of ‘youthscapes’ and the theoretical framework of critical race theory, this article engages with the contradictions inherent in schools and the manner in which the South African education system is implicated in constructing different ‘kinds’ of citizens and reproducing hierarchies of belonging, even in its efforts at inclusivity.     

Religion and National Identity in America and Europe

America and Europe have had very different religious experiences, and these differences have continuing consequences. In America, the preponderance of Reform Protestantism gave rise to religious and political pluralism, a religious marketplace, and the continuing vitality of the churches. In Europe, the dominance of state churches gave rise to the eventual rejection of these churches and religions when the traditional political and social authorities were rejected, particularly by the Generation of 1968. However, Europe’s extreme secularization has rendered it confused and ineffective in dealing with the new religious challenge posed by Muslim immigrant communities.

坟山崇拜与19世纪新加坡华人移民之整合

坟山组织普遍存在于东南亚华人社会。在19世纪,新加坡华人移民各帮群都建有自己的坟(义)山,多以亭称之。帮群坟山不仅为了解决本帮群移民的身后葬地问题,同时也有界定社群成员身份、促进社群认同与凝聚力的重要功能。社团总坟是社群认同的象征,是帮群的总机构、社群共祖之所在,通过建构和祭祀社群共祖来达致宗乡社群之整合。