A Closer Look at the Paradox: Examining Immigration and Youth Reoffending in Arizona

The bulk of existing research on immigration and crime suggests that, counter to a number of theoretical perspectives and overall public and political opinion, indicators of immigration are either unrelated or negatively related to criminal behavior. Notably absent from this line of research is assessments of the impact of immigration on the social outcomes of ex-offenders and youth. Youthful ex-offenders in particular represent a vulnerable population that could be expected to benefit most from the protective effects of immigration as identified in the literature. Accordingly, in the present study we determine the importance of concentrated immigration (net of individual-level factors) in reoffending for a sample of previously arrested youth in the state of Arizona. In addition, we examine whether the effects of immigration on reoffending behavior are contingent on the individual characteristics (e.g. race, ethnicity, and gender) of youth. The implications for the ongoing theoretical, empirical, and policy debates surrounding immigration and crime are discussed.     

概率性证据研究中的认识悖论

在南昌大学原校长周文斌受贿案中，其机械使用概率论解释质疑控方证据的做法，存在严重错误，由此引发了关于概率证据理论的一些思考。虽然英美证据理论研究中，占统治地位的对证据和证明过程的描述是概率性的，但艾伦教授认为数学世界与人类事务世界之间可能并不相似。在进入大数据时代的今天，司法实践对于精确性和可操作性的需求，由量化带来的对证明责任和当事人主张的清晰表达，以及对证明过程提供的规范性指引，都刺激了大量的试图使用概率性理论解释审判过程的某个方面的论证尝试。然而，在概率性语言试图描述证据及证明活动时，检察官及辩护律师谬论、结合悖论、相关性悖论等认识错误的出现却带来了对事实认定活动与概率理论之间矛盾冲突的反思，或者说并非是对概率性理论的批判，而是对法学理论家们就概率性理论的特定使用的批判。     

新生代农民工市民化的现实需求探究

新生代农民工作为农民工的主体，已成为我国经济社会发展的重要力量，其市民化问题是解决中国城市化的关键。在市民化的进程中，新生代农民工面临生活、发展、情感等多重现实需求，应引起政府、企事业单位以及社会各方的高度重视，采取切实可行的办法来逐一解决，实现社会的真正和谐发展。     

Can an incompatibilist outfox a compatibilist hedgehog?

This article raises some incompatibilist challenges for, and queries some of the implications of, Ronald Dworkin’s arguments in his Justice for Hedgehogs (2011), that responsibility is compatible with both determinism and epiphenomenalism.     

Domestic Violence and Risk Factors among Korean Immigrant Women in the United States

Domestic Violence is a serious problem among Korean immigrant women in the United States. However, little is known about the incidence of domestic violence as well as risk factors predicting violence experienced in intimate relationships. The purpose of this study is to describe domestic violence among Korean immigrant women, including type and frequency of violence and predictive factors of domestic violence experienced by Korean immigrant women. One hundred and thirty-six Korean women completed questionnaires developed in this study. Results indicate that domestic violence is a major family problem for Korean immigrant women. Implications are discussed in terms of the need of social services for Korean immigrant women.     

宁波市外来人口社会关系和谐度

摘要：宁波作为沿海经济发达地区有着约占本地居民二分之一的外来人口，他们对宁波的社会经济的发展作出了巨大贡献，同时也使当地的社会生态发生了剧烈变化，外来人口与本地居民的关系和谐已成为政府和群众十分关注的问题。本文以宁波市1053位居民的问卷调查为依据，对人们社会关系的和谐度进行了量化分析和理论探讨，认为外来人口与本地居民的关系强度约为30%，属于弱中偏强的范围；关系和谐度界于“一般”与“紧张”之间，偏向于“一般”；关系的性质是强弱兼有若即若离的“复合动关系”。并提出了外来人口社会融洽的基本路径，以期对宁波的社会主义和谐社会建设有所帮助。     

试论公共权力的异化及对策

本文从公共权力异化的两种现象——公共悖论和权力腐败出发,分析了公共权力在行使过程中之所以会产生异化,其原因主要有二:一是人的因素,二是制度的因素。公共权力的异化在很大程度上降低了公众对公共管理的满意程度,动摇了公共权力合法性的基础。因此,文章结合我国现实,提出了一系列制约公共权力异化的对策。     

Naturalization ceremonies and the role of immigrants in the American nation

Although immigration is an essential element in the American national story, it presents difficulties for constructing national membership and national identity in terms of shared intrinsic values. In this article, I analyze speeches made at naturalization ceremonies during two time periods (1950–1970 and 2003–present) to examine the evolving roles of immigrants, as articulated to immigrants themselves. Naturalization ceremonies are a unique research site because the usually implied nationalist content is made explicit to brand new members of the nation. I find a shift in the framing from immigrants as potential liabilities and weak links in the earlier period to immigrants as morally superior redeemers of the American nation in the later period. I discuss the significance of this shift and the relationship between the roles presented at naturalization ceremonies and the discourse found elsewhere in the public sphere.     

Just work it out amongst yourselves: the implications of the private mediation of religious freedom

In its much-heralded report of 2008, the Bouchard-Taylor Commission struck by the Quebec government divided the resolution of contests involving religion-based claims into two realms: those which are solved in the courts and before human rights tribunals and therefore enter into formal determinations based on ‘reasonable accommodation’ and those disputes which are settled in private, with the guiding principle being responsabilisation dans la sphère privée' or ‘concerted adjustment’. In the report it is clear that the Commission prefers the second alternative for the resolution of disputes or disagreements about such things as prayer space, kirpans in schoolyards, serving pork at maple sugar farms, and religious needs in employment contexts. In this article I argue that encouraging the private resolution of issues around religious freedom, particularly in a social, legal and political climate in which there is fear and anxiety about the religious other, is an alternative that renders already vulnerable groups and individuals even more vulnerable. This in turn contributes to a situation in which they risk being oppressed and disadvantaged in a society which promises equality. Such a situation can create tension which could easily have been avoided if clear guidelines based on a beginning place of citizen equality were publicly and clearly stated by legal and political institutions.     

侦查悖论探析

悖论有严格与泛化之区别,按照此种区分侦查中程序正义与实体正义、侦查程序与保障人权、侦查的强制性与任意侦查等属于泛化的悖论。鉴于悖论的可消解性,在侦查过程中应当严守正当程序原则,争取以最小的权利侵害实现社会持续健康的发展,将侦查区分为令状侦查、无令状侦查和令状例外侦查,以实现悖论消解,使得侦查发展的道路更加明朗。