王国维"二重证据法"的形成及其意义(下)

三、<殷先公先王考>和<续考>:熟练运用"二重证据法"取得的重大成果 王国维成熟地运用"二重证据法"取得的重大成果,是1917年初先后撰成的<殷卜辞中所见先公先王考>和<殷卜辞中所见先公先王续考>两文.因其所运用的方法缜密精当,解决的问题重大,为研究者打开了一片新天地,故成为近代史学史上意义重大的一页.     

论案例教学法在法律与电子法务教学中的实践

在法律与电子法务专业教学中需注重理论与实践的结合,案例教学法正是最佳的选择。在选择案例方面所选案例应该是原始的、未经任何改变的材料,应具有结论的不确定性。在讲授分析案例时需注意掌握案例分析的一般方法,将法律、法理与案情相结合,注重案例讨论组织的规范性,注重培养学生使用电子网络数据库查找案例的能力。     

论打击错误之处理原则——具体符合说之提倡

作为处理事实错误是否阻却故意的理论,具体符合说与法定符合说在打击错误的场合,争论最为激烈。无论是处理结论还是故意理念,具体符合说都更为合理。采用具体符合说并不会导致罪刑不均衡,以错误发生时间的不同为标准可以将对象错误与打击错误区分开。     

田径定向越野课程教法初探

田径运动是学校体育教学的重点之一，开展传统田径项目丰富了学校体育文化的建设，提高了学生的体质．但在全面推选素质教育以适应学生个性化发展的要求方面，传统田径项目有许多缺陷。为改革拓展传统田径教学内容和方法．提高田径教学内容的健身性、实用性、趣味性和娱乐性，定向越野课程应机而生。定向越野运动对学生各种能力、综合素质的提高都有很大的促进作用，同时又能充实和丰富学校体育教学内容。定向越野方式方法多样，基本技术较多，是一门崭新的田径课程，开设时间相对较短，认识还不十分充分，在对定向越野课程教法的深入研究基础上提出的理论与实际相结合的五步教学法．对该课程的开展具有一定的指导作用。     

论实事求是方法和群众路线方法的内在一致性——基于马克思主义哲学实践视野的解读

从马克思主义哲学的实践思维方式和实践逻辑上来解读实事求是方法和群众路线的方法,二者具有内在的一致性,皆是中国共产党领导中国人民进行革命、建设和改革社会实践活动中不可或缺的科学方法论。     

Unheard Voices: Why Former Child Welfare Workers Left Their Positions

This mixed methods study used a snowball sample (n = 54) to capture retrospective insight from former public child welfare workers about job satisfaction and reasons they left their positions. Responses to open-ended questions suggested a theme of lack of organizational support as the primary reason they left. Former workers also reported that they wanted a voice and someone to hear their concerns, greater recognition, and opportunity to practice self-care. Quantitatively, workers in their positions 8 years or longer were the most satisfied on a 19-item global scale examining job satisfaction. Respondents were unhappy with their workloads and emotional impact of their positions.     

牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒,本研究建立了牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。通过设计特异性引物扩增病毒基因,将扩增的目的片段(119 bp)连接到pMD19-T载体中,构建重组质粒。将重组质粒作为阳性标准品,用于SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立。结果显示,特异性引物扩增的目的片段约为119 bp,符合预期的大小,经测序鉴定所扩增的目的片段正确。敏感性结果显示,用该方法检测阳性质粒标准品的最低限度为3.04 X101 copies/mL,是Nano-PCR的10倍。将牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒、牛副流感病毒3型与牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒进行特异性检测。结果显示,只有牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒被检测到,其他病毒均未有特异性的扩增曲线,表明该方法的特异性良好。批内和批间重复变异系数均小于1%,显示该方法具有良好的重复性。用建立的方法对20份疑似IBRV的临床样品进行检测,并与Nano-PCR检测方法进行对比,结果显示本方法的阳性样晶率高于Nano-PCR检测方法。本研究建立的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性好、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的检测。     

侵权行为法中公平责任的适用范围

侵权行为法中的公平责任是以衡量当事人之间的利益关系为主要理由,来确定责任主体赔偿或补偿责任的一种责任认定方式,是对传统归责方法的一种矫正。公平责任受其特定的归责理由的限制,主要适用于监护人责任、雇主责任、紧急避险责任中某些特定的情况,也适用于受益人的补偿责任或责任分担和对赔偿数额的限制方面。从立法例和司法实践中准确把握公平责任适用范围,对正确认识和运用公平责任归责方法,具有重要司法实践意义。     

Significant Differences in PostMortem Heart Weight Before and After Dissection Using the Short-Axis Dissecting Method

Correctly assessing heart weight can be critical at postmortem examination. The current international guidelines advocate using the short-axis method in dissecting the heart and the heart weighed when the blood is emptied. However, it did not specify at what point the heart should be weighed or how the blood should be emptied. This study compared heart weights at three different time points during the heart examination (immediately after dissecting out of the pericardial sac with blood still in chambers, blood washed/removed from heart chambers without the heart opened, and the heart completely opened, blood emptied, and pad dried). This was to illustrate the variation in measurement and potential errors when the heart is weighed at different time of dissection. The results show that there were statistical and clinical significant differences between the heart weights at each weighing points. We recommend the heart to be completely dissected with any blood and residual washing/rinsing water emptied before being weighed. Although performed in this study, the effect of pad drying the heart on heart weight was not explored and was a limitation in this study.     

The Accuracy and Repeatability of Reconstructing Single Bullet Impacts Using the 2D Ellipse Method

When a bullet punctures a surface, it leaves behind a bullet impact, which can be analyzed in order to determine the origin and trajectory path from which a bullet was discharged using many different scientific methods to reconstruct a shooting scene. The purpose of the research was to test the accuracy and repeatability of reconstructing the impact angle of single bullet impacts using the ellipse method. The research was conducted by firing various calibers of ammunition into drywall panels positioned at varying angles of incidence from 88° until ricochet occurred. This was done in order to determine which caliber type and angle of incidence are most accurate and precise for reconstructing a shooting scene. The study examined four caliber types fired into drywall panels, with 5 repeated shots for each of the 11 angles of incidence (n = 220). Furthermore, 31 participants partook in the study to estimate a bullet impact angle of incidence utilizing the ellipse method. The results show that the best performance (accuracy and repeatability) is seen with the measurements of the 0.45 caliber ammunition. When angle of incidences is low (<64°), the performance (accuracy and repeatability) was seen to be better in all caliber ammunitions. Overall, the data provided for single bullet impacts deposited in drywall show that the ellipse method is useful in providing measurements for most crime scene reconstruction purposes and has also demonstrated that results vary depending on the type of ammunition, firearm, and angle of incidence being examined.