对美军士气理论的解读

美军士气理论是美军士气培育和运用的思想基础.深入解读这一理论的基本内涵、主要特点及其对美军士气建设的影响,有助于全面认识和把握美军士气的历史、现状和未来.     

外贸对产业结构的影响分析

文中就外贸对经济结构的影响进行了分析,提出了外贸对产业结构影响的途径,并针对1990-2004这段时间以来我国对外贸易与产业结构的关系进行实证研究。结果表明外贸对第一、三产业的影响不强,但是,对第二产业增加值的贡献率较高,外贸较大程度地促进了第二产业的发展与产业结构的优化。     

Sweetening the US Legislature: The Remarkable Success of the Sugar Lobby

The US sweetener industry comprises the production and processing of sugarcane, sugar beet and corn and, more recently, non-caloric products. The industry has always been protected by federal legislation. Such legislation has had positive and negative impacts on domestic sugar prices, which have remained relatively stable but well above the world price. José Alvarez discusses three factors behind that protective status: the industry's economic importance, the large representation of sweetener-producing states in the US Congress, and a powerful and successful lobby. Under current conditions, no change in the status quo should be expected. The major potential contingency on the horizon could be an agreement reached at the World Trade Organization eliminating existing levels of worldwide protection. Free trade negotiations have added new pressures to the US support programme. Time will tell whether or not the domestic success of the US sweetener industry can be duplicated in the international arena.     

Improving evaluation of anti-crime programs: Summary of a National Research Council report★

This article summarizes a report of the National Research Council: Improving Evaluation of Anti-crime Programs. It is based on a workshop, held in September 2003, in which participants presented and discussed examples of evaluation-related studies that represent the methods and challenges associated with research at three levels: interventions directed toward individuals; interventions in neighborhoods, schools, prisons, or communities; and interventions at a broad policy level. The article, and the report on which it is based, is organized around five questions that require thoughtful analysis in the development of any evaluation plan: What questions should the evaluation address? When is it appropriate to conduct an impact evaluation? How should an impact evaluation be designed? How should the evaluation be implemented? What organizational infrastructure and procedures support high quality evaluation? The authors highlight major considerations in developing and implementing evaluation plans for criminal justice programs and make recommendations for improvement of government funded evaluation studies.     

全面两孩生育政策对女性的影响及其对策

全面两孩生育政策在促进中国经济社会发展的同时,也将会给女性健康、就业、家庭经济、家庭关系、扶幼等带来负面影响,因此政府和社会必须采取相应的对策,给生育二孩的妇女和家庭提供必要的帮助。     

An Impact Velocity Device Design for Blood Spatter Pattern Generation with Considerations for High‐Speed Video Analysis,

A mechanical device that uses gravitational and spring compression forces to create spatter patterns of known impact velocities is presented and discussed. The custom‐made device uses either two or four springs (k₁ = 267.8 N/m, k₂ = 535.5 N/m) in parallel to create seventeen reproducible impact velocities between 2.1 and 4.0 m/s. The impactor is held at several known spring extensions using an electromagnet. Trigger inputs to the high‐speed video camera allow the user to control the magnet's release while capturing video footage simultaneously. A polycarbonate base is used to allow for simultaneous monitoring of the side and bottom views of the impact event. Twenty‐four patterns were created across the impact velocity range and analyzed using HemoSpat. Area of origin estimations fell within an acceptable range (ΔX_av = ?5.5 ± 1.9 cm, ΔY_av = ?2.6 ± 2.8 cm, ΔZ_av = +5.5 ± 3.8 cm), supporting distribution analysis for the use in research or bloodstain pattern training. This work provides a framework for those interested in developing a robust impact device.     

撞击角度和速度已知条件下的球形弹丸飞行弹道轨迹算法

针对刑侦工作中弹打玻璃类案件的侦破难点,研究一种用于计算球形弹丸抛射击打玻璃案件中弹丸飞行轨迹的算法。本文以弹丸撞击角度和撞击速度为基础参数,在阐明前置基础数据的前提下,将弹打玻璃类案件中的玻璃窗分为垂直于地面及倾斜于地面两类,采用三角函数计算和参数替换的方法,通过对弹丸撞击瞬间的弹道参数设定、弹孔图像在玻璃平面内的二维图像参数设定、相关角度的描述、计算抛物线轨迹与弹道轨迹朝向等一系列步骤,最终,研究出上述两类玻璃窗的弹道轨迹计算方法。研究表明,弹丸弹道飞行轨迹算法可以还原弹丸飞行的轨迹抛物线,作为现场弹道轨迹重建系统的核心算法使用,为开发弹打玻璃类案件的现场弹道轨迹重建系统提供了关键技术。     

我国城市规划环评公众参与的法律价值探讨——以环境正义为视角

环境正义注重社会成员之间环境利益和负担的公平分配。城市规划环境影响评价的公众参与制度从实体正义和程序正义两个方面实现了环境正义价值。由于当前我国环境保护价值观念的滞后。公众参与并没有得到应有的重视。法律实践还存在立法模糊、配套制度不完善、公众与行政机关之间地位不平等等缺陷。因此,公众参与制度应当建立以环境正义价值为主导的价值体系,并在此基础之上转变法律价值观念,提高立法层次,完善参与要素,搭建配套的法律制度。以推动环境民主时代的到来。     

加拿大环境影响评价制度的比较与启示

加拿大从20世纪70年代就开始发展环境影响评价制度,至今其涉及环境影响评价制度的法律法规不计其数。加拿大有关环境影响评价的法律主要是《加拿大环境评价法》,该法明确规定了环境影响评价的主要目的,归纳为谨慎行事、预防污染、重视合作以及鼓励公众参与。而加拿大环评制度的主要内容也很好地体现了这一原则。《加拿大环境评价法》第19条规定了环境评价的主要内容,其中的可替代性方案、缓解措施以及研究委员会的报告都是该部法律中比较有特色而且值得研究的内容,这些严格谨慎的规定使加拿大环境影响评价制度可以发挥更大的作用,更好地预防污染,保护环境。本文以介绍和分析加拿大环境评价制度的对象和内容为主,并对比分析我国环境影响评价的内容,旨在为完善我国环境影响评价制度有所启示和借鉴。     

Exploring the Contribution of State and Local-level Conditions to the Adoption of Different Types of Smart Growth Policies and Impact Fees in the United States

This research identifies some of the state and local conditions promoting the adoption of three types of smart growth policies and two types of impact fees in the United States. Factor analysis is used to identify three types of smart growth policies:

1. policies to concentrate new growth,

2. policies to exchange development rights and

3. policies to redevelop the inner city.

The two types of impact fees are: development-based and community-based. Conditions at both the state and local level predict the adoption of smart growth policies. Only conditions at the state level predict the adoption of the community-based impact fees. The findings suggest that future research on the impact of population growth on growth regulation contain measures of both local and state level growth. They also suggest smart growth be viewed as multi-dimensional, as cities adopt different types of policies, rather than the complete set of policies, for economic as well as environmental reasons. Last, more research is needed on the role of local environmentalist organizations, whose role in local policy adoption was significant.