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211.
逻辑可修正理论与法律论证评价标准的关系探究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张玫瑰 《政法论丛》2010,(2):107-112,F0003
苏珊·哈克的逻辑可修正理论有助于法律论证评价标准的研究。康德、弗雷格的绝对主义逻辑观到蒯因、普特南相对主义逻辑观的发展,这是苏珊·哈克逻辑可修正理论及其逻辑哲学思想的理论来源。本文研究了哈克的逻辑可修正理论,主要探讨的是哈克对经典逻辑可择代性的论述和变异逻辑理论,分析了由此而引起的逻辑有效性概念的扩展,为法律论证的评价标准研究奠定了理论基础。  相似文献   
212.
目的探讨车祸致胸、腰椎损伤程度与伤残程度的关系,总结伤残评定经验,探寻其规律性。方法选择胸、腰椎损伤的鉴定447例,重新审查诊断,分析治疗措施,评价胸腰部活动度丧失程度及神经功能障碍情况,分析损伤程度与后遗障碍之间的关系,综合评定伤残。结果胸、腰椎损伤类型及数量并不决定其胸、腰部活动障碍程度及神经损伤后遗症严重程度;椎体损伤的部位与胸腰部活动度障碍关系密切;神经损伤主要集中在T1至L2段脊柱损伤;椎体损伤医院误诊率较高。结论伤残评定应分析损伤与后遗症严重程度的因果关系,以损伤所致后遗症为评残依据,重点关注脊柱功能的丧失程度。  相似文献   
213.
Understanding factors that contribute to mental health professionals (MHPs) accuracy in assessing patients risk of violence can inform efforts to improve accuracy and to integrate risk assessment technology with practice. Based on a sample of 147 clinicians who assessed 680 patients in a psychiatric emergency room, this study investigates the influence of patient gender, MHP gender, and their potential interaction on MHPS risk assessment accuracy. The results indicate that MHPs of both genders are particularly limited in their ability to assess female patients risk of future violence. This finding was not limited to a particular professional group and was not attributable to gender-related differences in violence. Implications for future research on the judgment processes that may underlie MHPs limited accuracy with women and for training programs in violence risk assessment are discussed.  相似文献   
214.
目的 对医疗损害赔偿诉讼中相关法律问题进行研究,并提出相关的司法建议。方法 对1995~1998 年法院、律师事务所、报刊杂志和本人代理收集的92 例医疗损害赔偿诉讼案件相关因素分析。结果 (1) 适用法律情况:民法通则77 例(83.7 % ),《办法》6 例(6.52 % ) ,民法通则和《办法》3 例(3.26 % ) ,民法通则和消费者保护法3 例(3.26 % ) ,民法通则和产品质量法3 例(3.26 % ) 。(2) 赔偿事由:医疗事故52 例(56.52 % ) ,医疗差错6 例(6.52 % ) ,医疗意外6 例(6.52 % ) ,医疗侵权28 例(30.43 % ) 。(3) 认定机构:医疗事故鉴定委员会鉴定54 例(58.7 % ) ,法医鉴定机构鉴定15 例(16.3 % ) ,法院自行认定23 例(25 % ) 。(4) 赔偿范围:经济补偿6 例(6.52 % ) ,经济赔偿55 例(58.78 % ) ,经济赔偿并补偿3 例(3.26 % ) ,经济赔偿并精神损害赔偿28 例(30.4 % ) 。结论 (1) 医事赔偿适用法律随意性大,倾向于适用民法通则;(2) 医事赔偿事由扩大;(3) 医疗损害定性操作不一;(4) 医事赔偿范围增大且金额剧增  相似文献   
215.
妨害清算案件是经济犯罪活动中作案手段专业化程度较高的一类特殊案件。侦查实践中存在着立法交叉重复、侦查人员素质的提高相对滞后、与工商行政管理部门协作机制不健全、证据标准不完备等问题 ,影响了办案质量与侦查效率。为此 ,必须采取相应对策 ,提高妨害清算案件的打击力度与侦查水平。  相似文献   
216.
This paper examines the place of metrics in the assessment of a corporation's public affairs practice. It describes how public affairs metrics are situated in the larger context of organisational performance assessment, examines the range of metrics available to the CPA practitioner, and identifies the critical trade‐offs associated with why public affairs metrics utilisation has not achieved the level of application that some experts have encouraged. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications  相似文献   
217.
罪犯改造质量是指罪犯经过一定时间的改造达到的守法公民的程度。从矫正技术的角度认识罪犯改造质量评估,对改革监狱工作具有重要的意义。在现代社会条件下,监狱不仅是专政的机关,更重要的是刑罚执行机关。对罪犯的改造状况进行科学的评估,必须走出监狱机关“泛政治化”的窠臼,必须摆脱传统的评价罪犯改造质量的经验型、主观性和理想化的模式。从矫正技术的视角来研究罪犯改造质量评估,关键是把评估数量化,最大限度地减少人们主观的干扰。目前的问题是要改革监狱工作的体制、机制,提高监狱人民警察的职业化程度。  相似文献   
218.
In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated that forensic examiners can be biased by task-irrelevant contextual information. However, concerns relating to methodological flaws and ecological validity attenuate how much the current body of knowledge can be applied to real-life operational settings. The current review takes a narrative approach to synthesizing the literature across forensic science. Further, the review considers three main issues: (i) primary research on contextual bias within forensic science; (ii) methodological criticisms of this research; (iii) an alternative perspective that task-irrelevant contextual information does not always lead to error. One suggestion for future research is outlined, which is that studies on contextual bias in forensic decisions should be conducted in collaboration between forensic scientists and cognitive psychologists. Only then can rigorous and ecological valid experiments be created that will be able to assess how task-irrelevant contextual information influences forensic analysis and judgments in operationally valid settings.  相似文献   
219.
In nearly every jurisdiction, juvenile or family courts will be using the Child and Adolescent Needs and Strengths (CANS) tool to assess whether children can safely be treated in family-like settings to meet federal Family First Prevention Services Act (FFPSA) requirements. Yet, a number of peer-reviewed publications have raised serious concerns regarding the lack of CANS validation research. Rather than reject CANS, this article provides a roadmap for validating the tool with data that jurisdictions have already collected. Courts should require these three simple analyses before relying on the assessment.  相似文献   
220.
Audits of government entities offer a potential tool to hold public officials to account and to improve the functioning of public administration; however, empirical studies of audit impacts show mixed results. This is largely due to the diversity of audit regimes with different goals and accountability mechanisms, which yield different causal chains. In this study, I compare three distinct audit regimes with distinct casual mechanisms in Honduras. I find that backward-looking audits, which aim to hold officials accountable for past behavior or performance, require effective horizontal accountability mechanisms to investigate and prosecute cases. Forward-looking audits, which aim to hold officials accountable for future behavior or performance, require independent accountability mechanisms, a systematic follow-up methodology, public dissemination, and pressure from the media and civil society. Complementary initiatives that build on audit recommended reforms are found to strengthen these weaknesses in the causal mechanism linking audits to outcomes.  相似文献   
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