我国食品安全风险评估科学顾问的合法性危机及其克服

我国食品安全风险评估科学顾问的合法性危机既体现在"作为行为"中,也体现在"不作为行为"中,突出表现为社会对其作出的风险评估结论持不信任态度。原因在于:科学顾问缺乏科学上的卓越性和独立性及其活动缺乏透明性。需要设计公正和科学的科学顾问成员的遴选制度、广泛和有效地支撑其开展风险评估工作的网络体系、精密和完整的利益声明规则、合理和全面的食品安全风险评估活动的公开等制度来有效克服科学顾问的合法性危机。     

Abnormal Daily Temperature and Concern about Climate Change Across the United States

The relatively low level of concern about climate change among Americans has important implications for climate policy. While many studies have examined individual characteristics associated with climate change attitudes, fewer studies have considered the effects of environmental conditions on such attitudes. Here, we use two national samples of American adults to explore the impact of abnormal daily temperatures on levels of concern about climate change. We test the hypotheses that (1) abnormally warm temperatures, and (2) both abnormally warm and abnormally cool temperatures are associated with higher levels of concern. Using a generalized ordinal logit, we find that the quadratic form of deviation from mean temperature on the date of the survey is significantly associated with higher levels of concern, thus supporting the second hypothesis. We discuss several theoretical frameworks that may explain this result including availability bias, mental models, and implicit stimuli, and the implications for climate policy.     

Disowning Fukushima: Managing the credibility of nuclear reliability assessment in the wake of disaster

This paper reflects on the credibility of nuclear risk assessment in the wake of the 2011 Fukushima meltdowns. In democratic states, policymaking around nuclear energy has long been premised on an understanding that experts can objectively and accurately calculate the probability of catastrophic accidents. Yet the Fukushima disaster lends credence to the substantial body of social science research that suggests such calculations are fundamentally unworkable. Nevertheless, the credibility of these assessments appears to have survived the disaster, just as it has resisted the evidence of previous nuclear accidents. This paper looks at why. It argues that public narratives of the Fukushima disaster invariably frame it in ways that allow risk‐assessment experts to “disown” it. It concludes that although these narratives are both rhetorically compelling and highly consequential to the governance of nuclear power, they are not entirely credible.     

我国城市规划环评公众参与的法律价值探讨——以环境正义为视角

环境正义注重社会成员之间环境利益和负担的公平分配。城市规划环境影响评价的公众参与制度从实体正义和程序正义两个方面实现了环境正义价值。由于当前我国环境保护价值观念的滞后。公众参与并没有得到应有的重视。法律实践还存在立法模糊、配套制度不完善、公众与行政机关之间地位不平等等缺陷。因此,公众参与制度应当建立以环境正义价值为主导的价值体系,并在此基础之上转变法律价值观念,提高立法层次,完善参与要素,搭建配套的法律制度。以推动环境民主时代的到来。     

加拿大环境影响评价制度的比较与启示

加拿大从20世纪70年代就开始发展环境影响评价制度,至今其涉及环境影响评价制度的法律法规不计其数。加拿大有关环境影响评价的法律主要是《加拿大环境评价法》,该法明确规定了环境影响评价的主要目的,归纳为谨慎行事、预防污染、重视合作以及鼓励公众参与。而加拿大环评制度的主要内容也很好地体现了这一原则。《加拿大环境评价法》第19条规定了环境评价的主要内容,其中的可替代性方案、缓解措施以及研究委员会的报告都是该部法律中比较有特色而且值得研究的内容,这些严格谨慎的规定使加拿大环境影响评价制度可以发挥更大的作用,更好地预防污染,保护环境。本文以介绍和分析加拿大环境评价制度的对象和内容为主,并对比分析我国环境影响评价的内容,旨在为完善我国环境影响评价制度有所启示和借鉴。     

Characteristics of female patients admitted to an adolescent secure forensic psychiatric hospital

Bluebird House is the only mixed gender NHS secure forensic psychiatric hospital for adolescents in the South of England. It has admitted more than 30 female patients since the service opened in 2008. The admission criteria are that patients must be detained under the Mental Health Act and present evidence of being a risk of harm to others. This article describes the clinical characteristics of 30 consecutive female patients admitted to a highly specialised adolescent forensic inpatient service. Key results include a very high rate of incidents of risk behaviours exhibited by female patients within the unit but good clinical outcomes. The majority of patients had severe symptoms of mental disorder, especially emotional instability, self-harm behaviours and aggressive behaviours. Few had diagnoses of mental illness. Assessment findings from the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory and the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk are discussed, as are parallel with studies from other female secure services.     

骨盆骨折伤残重新鉴定65例分析

目的 研究有争议的交通事故受伤人员骨盆骨折伤残等级评定案例,分析其在初次鉴定中暴露出来的问题,探讨如何正确理解与把握骨盆骨折的鉴定条款,建立科学的判定标准。方法 收集上海市司法鉴定中心2006—2013年道路交通事故致骨盆骨折伤残等级重新鉴定案例65例,对初次鉴定和重新鉴定的资料进行分析比较。结果 鉴定时机不当,鉴定材料收集不全面,鉴定人对骨盆骨折条款的理解有误及其他一系列问题是重新鉴定意见改变伤残等级的主要原因。结论 针对上述问题,应该从提高鉴定人专业技能,建立统一判定标准等方面来提高此类案件的鉴定质量。     

我国医疗损害诉讼中专家辅助人制度的现状与建议

2002年《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》规定了民事诉讼中的专家辅助人。2013年修订的《民事诉讼法》中也明确了民事诉讼中的专家辅助人制度。在司法实践中,医疗损害的案件专业性强,并且案件通常都会涉及到医疗损害技术鉴定,这就使得医疗损害案件是民事案件中经常需要专家辅助人的一类案件。本文在剖析了专家辅助人的诉讼地位后,认为我国医疗损害案件中的专家辅助人不同于英美法系中医疗诉讼中的专家证人,也不同于证人、鉴定人和诉讼代理人。在此基础上,探讨了医学专家辅助人在医疗损害案件诉讼的实际应用,并针对现有相关规定中不明确的地方提出了完善医疗损害诉讼中专家辅助人制度的建议。     

积极稳妥地推行社会稳定风险评估工作

社会稳定风险评估机制就是一项社会管理的制度创新,文章通过对近几年我国社会稳定风险评估机制的实践研究,提出要正确认识和理解社会稳定风险评估,了解社会稳定风险评估的实践状况,分析其问题与原因,进而提出积极推行社会稳定风险评估的建议。     

犯罪行为人王某某心理行为分析

通过对犯罪人社会生活背景的分析,了解犯罪人的心理历程;通过对犯罪人自卑的人格特征、追求完美的性格模式、压抑的情绪模式和被害人人格特征、被害风险评估的分析,揭示犯罪发生的心理成因;通过对犯罪诱发事件和犯罪现场行为的解析,进一步印证犯罪的必然性。揭开一个大家眼中的"好人"是如何走向犯罪道路的,以期给世人一些警醒,给社会一些启发。