浅析“ICESCR＂2．1款“可获得最大化资源＂的内涵

近年来，关于如何推进国际社会的经济、社会和文化权利等人权的进一步实现问题引起了广泛的争论。现今社会中，越来越多的人意识到：为推进人权的目标进一步实现，如何界定可获得的资源以及如何分配这种资源变得尤为重要。为此，国际社会各界也进行了激烈的讨论。在界定“资源”的定义时，很多人将其限定在经济领域，这种理解本身存在一定的局限性，虽然在实现人权的过程中金融资金和财政等资源是必不可少的，但一国所拥有的自然、教育以及公权力等资源也是推进人权目标实现所必须的，基于此，对资源进行多元化理解能够帮助一国更好地推进实现人权的目标。     

宁夏传媒业人才开发问题及模式研究

传媒业在愈演愈烈的竞争中需要大批有较高政治素质、文化素质和业务素质的优秀传媒人才投身其中。探讨与现代传媒业发展相适应的人才开发新模式,对于加快宁夏传媒业人才队伍建设步伐,提升宁夏文化软实力和推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣具有十分重要的现实意义。     

科学审计的实务探索

科学审计要体现出科学发展的先进性,就必须随着传统审计项目向管理、风险类审计项目的转变而发生变化。具体体现在:一是以"科学立项"为方针,实现科学审计与企业环境的契合;二是以"科学调研"为目的,实现科学审计与审前准备的契合;三是以"科学编制"为需求,实现科学审计与方案运行的契合;四是以"科学布局"为策略,实现科学审计与实施过程的契合。     

灵渠历史价值的重新定位与文化战略的民间实施

我国秦代有两项事关国家发展和民族安宁的伟大工程,即长城与灵渠。从文化特色上看,长城体现的是保守型的文化思维,而灵渠则借助运河的沟通,显示了中华文化的开拓性。这两项工程在两千多年的历史长河中,为推动中华文明的进步与繁荣均作出过卓越贡献。但是,今日之国人却多知有长城而鲜知有灵渠。不光是普通百姓对灵渠知之甚少,即便是理论界的一些专家学者能对灵渠做系统研究的也不多,故对其历史价值定位及文化开发,尚需进一步深入探讨并重新认识。     

侦查学学科定位问题再探——兼论侦查主体改革之思路

随着《学位授予和人才培养学科目录》的出台,沉寂多时的侦查学学科定位(或日属性)问题再次引发热论.侦查学到底归属于谁?众说纷纭.但主要焦点还是集中在是属于法学还是属于公安学上.将侦查学定位于“本质上属于公安学,但仍具有某些法学的特性”,似乎能够更好地解决争议、息纷止争,也更能体现侦查学学科独有的特性.正因如此,它能够为侦查主体的改革等一系列问题提供思路,使其朝着科学化和法治化方向迈进.     

Voting Advice Applications and the Estimation of Party Positions – A Reliable Tool?

Data contained in Voting Advice Applications (VAA s) is not only a prerequisite for the vote recommendations they provide but can also be used for estimating party positions in low‐dimensional spaces. Given that VAA s can be designed differently in terms of their number of items and their measurement level, how much can one trust the party positions obtained from this source? We tackle this question by exploiting relevant variation in a real‐world setting: three VAA s offered at the 2017 Lower Saxony election. Despite substantial design differences, the policy spaces extracted through an inductive scaling approach are highly convergent. Simulated random item removal from the pooled dataset of all three VAA s furthermore suggests that about 40 items yield satisfactory reliability of the party positions. Finally, we find that a priori assigning VAA ‐items to ideological dimensions is potentially problematic as the interpretation of resulting party spaces may differ from the ones derived inductively.     

Estimating Individual Contributions to Complex DNA SNP Mixtures.,

High‐throughput sequencing (HTS) of large panels of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) provides an alternative or complimentary approach to short tandem repeats (STRs) panels for the analysis of complex DNA mixture forensic samples. For STRs, methods to estimate individual contribution concentrations compare capillary electrophoresis peak heights, peak areas, or HTS allele read counts within a mixture. This article introduces three approaches (mean, median, and slope methods) for estimating individual DNA contributions to forensic mixtures for HTS/massively parallel sequencing (MPS) SNP panels. For SNPs, the major:minor allele ratios or counts, unique to each contributor, were compared to estimate contributor proportion within the mixture using the mean, median, and slope intercept for these alleles. The estimates for these three methods were typically within 5% of planned experimental contributions for defined mixtures.     

论缓刑的法律性质--兼评缓刑考验期满后再犯罪成立累犯的合理性

缓刑在不同的刑事诉讼阶段所表现的主要特性是不同的,因而对其性质进行分阶段的界定也就有了现实的依据和合理性。从决定是否对犯罪分子宣告缓刑的意义上来说,缓刑有刑罚裁量的性质;从对犯罪分子具体适用缓刑的各项规定的意义上来说,缓刑又具有刑罚执行的性质。缓刑,兼具刑罚裁量和刑罚执行两重性质。在明确缓刑具有刑罚执行的法律性质的前提下,认定缓刑考验期满后再犯相应之罪的犯罪分子为累犯,就有了理论以及法律上的合理性。此种处置,从一般预防和特殊预防的角度来看,既符合中国社会重视行为人主观意志的现实,又能更好发挥刑罚预防犯罪的功能,也是符合我国现行刑事政策和法律规定的。     

Lecture Versus Simulation: Testing the Long-Term Effects

Abstract

Active learning techniques are being use with increasing frequency in the classroom and more time is being dedicated to designing and implementing them. However, the literature still suffers from a lack of rigorous empirical methods to test the effects of simulations. Most of the claimed benefits of utilizing simulations, and other active learning techniques, are improved soft skills and higher order thinking like empathy, confidence, public-speaking abilities, and interpersonal skills—all of which don’t lend themselves well to scientific measurement. This gap in the literature is especially troubling considering that time spent using simulations is time not spent using other methods. This article seeks to test the differing impacts of simulations versus traditional lectures over the long-term using a simple 30-minute simulation and rigorous experimental methods. The most important results show that students learn more initially from a lecture, but that students who were exposed to the simulation were better able to retain that information over the long-term.     

The Monitoring Capacity of Civil Society Networks: A Social Network Analysis in the Case of Gender Equality Policy

The role of civil society organizations (CSOs) as a watchdog in the implementation process is widely acknowledged. However, little is known about what determines their capacity to monitor EU policy implementation and how it differs across member states. This article accounts for social capital as well as human and financial capital to determine the monitoring capacity of CSOs. To capture sources of social capital, a network analysis is applied in a comparative case article on the monitoring networks of national platforms of the European Women’s Lobby across eight EU member states. The analysis reveals that CSOs in western member states are rich in human, financial and social capital, while CSOs in CEE member states compensate for this lack of resources by linking up with the Commission.