小议英语词汇的教与学

英语词汇的教与学在英语学习中起着重要作用,是能否学好英语的关键。在分析目前词汇教学的各种理论的基础上,分析了英语词汇学习的重要性,针对英语词汇教学与学习的现状,讨论并提出了几点提高英语词汇教学与学习效果的策略。     

The use of filtered light for the evaluation of writing inks analyzed using thin layer chromatography

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a scientific methodology that can be used to compare and characterize ink formulations. Occasionally, when evaluating chromatographic profiles on a TLC plate with ambient light, different ink formulations, or the same inks from different batches, may appear indistinguishable. The use of filtered light can be very effective to illuminate characteristics that are not readily apparent with ambient light. There are a diverse number of components commonly found in writing inks, and it may be that some of them respond to particular wavelengths of energy that are not visible to the unaided eye (i.e., colorless). There has been very little information published that addresses the use of filtered light for evaluating TLC plates. Twenty-nine ballpoint writing ink samples were selected for TLC analysis. Further evaluation using an alternate light source, coupled with the appropriate filter, proved to be an effective means for definitive discrimination in some cases.     

隐形的“法律”——行政诉讼中其他规范性文件的异化及其矫正

根据《立法法》、《行政诉讼法》等法律规定,其他规范性文件既非立法法源,也非审理依据。但在行政诉讼实践中,由于法官疏于审查,使得其他规范性文件异化为"隐形的法律"。如此现状,令人堪忧,长此以往,会造成立法、司法、行政和社会各方"共输"的局面。为改变现状,在实用主义的视角下,建构一套柔性的审查体系是值得期待的。     

Trust in the proposed EU regulation on trust services?

A few months after ICRI's 20th anniversary conference the European Commission adopted on 4 June 2012 a draft regulation “on electronic identification and trusted services for electronic transactions in the internal market”. The proposed legal framework is intended to give legal effect and mutual recognition to trust services including enhancing current rules on e-signatures and providing a legal framework for electronic seals, time stamping, electronic document acceptability, electronic delivery and website authentication. Yet, this draft Regulation provokes many questions with regard to the implicit “trust” concept on which it is based. Starting from their experience in the EU FP7 uTRUSTit project (Usable Trust in the Internet of Things: www.utrustit.eu) and in other ICRI research projects, Jos Dumortier and Niels Vandezande have analyzed the proposed legislative text of the European Commission and wrote a few critical observations. Although obviously not presented at the conference in November 2011, it seemed worthwhile to add this contribution to its proceedings.     

Reliability of paper brightness in authenticating documents

Evaluation of paper brightness in multipage documents is a practice of forensic document examiners when there is a question of a page insertion or substitution. This article demonstrates that occasional errors occur in the manufacturing process that affects the consistency of paper brightness. The inconsistency of paper brightness may therefore influence conclusions reached in authenticating documents. Reams of multipurpose paper, from 21 manufacturers, were examined. When assessing the individual pages of each package with an ultraviolet light, approximately 30% of the reams revealed differences in paper brightness. A study of the paper-manufacturing process was conducted to determine where variations originate. It is concluded that brightness differences occur when one incompatible roll of paper is mistakenly placed with others used for one production run. It was also determined that brightness variations (when present) are patterned throughout individual reams. When the authenticity of a document is in question, consideration of these findings is essential to assure an accurate assessment.     

略述司法会计鉴定若干实务问题

司法会计鉴定应从程序和实体两方面把握其条件,程序从法定;实体可通过印证确认、直接确认和推定确认三种方式加以确认或排除。鉴定产品为鉴定意见,具有排它性;其意见分为肯定、否定与不能确定三种。除委托、受理等程序要素和附注外,司法会计鉴定书应包括基本财务会计事实、论证分析和鉴定意见三个方面。     

北宋帐籍与会计录制度浅析

北宋建立了较为完备的财政收支统计与监管体系,帐籍作为每年地方向中央上交的财政运行状况的总结,一方面反映地方财政收支及完成中央上供状况,为中央制定下一步的财政政策提供依据;另一方面作为地方官员的述职记录,成为衡量政绩的参考。会计录为中央财政主管部门编订,在特定情况下反映一定时期全国财政状况,以此为主政者制定或修改政策提供借鉴。从宋代帐籍与会计录的相互关系人手,在厘清二者差别、明确二者联系的基础上,反映宋代帐籍与会计录编制的意义与作用。     

刑事简易程序分析与反思

刑事简易程序是在程序上有所简化的一种特别程序类型。但由于程序设计及适用中的问题,还不能完全满足提高刑事诉讼效率的实际需要。当前世界各国纷纷设立简易程序,对案件进行分流,并呈现出多元化的发展趋势。通过对国外简易程序模式及当今我国司法实践的探讨,对刑事简易审程序进行一些初步的研究和分析。     

运用Photoshop软件检验追加打印文件

传统方法很难检验追加文本内容打印变造的文件。运用图像处理软件Photoshop对追加文本内容的打印文件可疑之处的字体墨迹进行放大观察,对可疑之处字体笔画特征进行比对,对字间距、行间距进行测量比对检验,可以作出正确的检验结论。运用Photoshop软件对追加文本内容的打印文件检验具有直观、可靠的效果。     

Visualizing Indented Writing on Thermal Paper by the Controlled Application of Heat

Indented writing on thermal paper made with either one, two, or three sheets of paper above the thermal paper has been visualized by the controlled application of heat to the thermal paper at temperatures below the paper's normal color change temperature. Indentations created by applying a variable pressure to a steel letter stamp showed that, with one sheet above the thermal paper, indentations were more visible at lower pressures than with either two or three sheets above. Handwriting from 20 volunteers produced indented writing graded with most of the text clear and easy to read for all samples with one sheet above, half the samples with two sheets above and eight samples with three sheets above. Comparison with ESDA showed that, with three sheets above, there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.01), with heating producing more samples than ESDA with most of the text clear and easy to read.