在实践中检验和发展的科学理论--从总体小康到全面建设小康社会

小康社会的战略构想是我们党对于中国发展理论的实践探索.从总体小康到全面建设小康社会我们党在理论与实践的结合上丰富和发展了中国发展理论.这个发展使中国特色社会主义的理论和实践更全面地代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求,代表中国先进文化的发展方向和最广大人民的根本利益.     

The use of filtered light for the evaluation of writing inks analyzed using thin layer chromatography

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a scientific methodology that can be used to compare and characterize ink formulations. Occasionally, when evaluating chromatographic profiles on a TLC plate with ambient light, different ink formulations, or the same inks from different batches, may appear indistinguishable. The use of filtered light can be very effective to illuminate characteristics that are not readily apparent with ambient light. There are a diverse number of components commonly found in writing inks, and it may be that some of them respond to particular wavelengths of energy that are not visible to the unaided eye (i.e., colorless). There has been very little information published that addresses the use of filtered light for evaluating TLC plates. Twenty-nine ballpoint writing ink samples were selected for TLC analysis. Further evaluation using an alternate light source, coupled with the appropriate filter, proved to be an effective means for definitive discrimination in some cases.     

Reliability of paper brightness in authenticating documents

Evaluation of paper brightness in multipage documents is a practice of forensic document examiners when there is a question of a page insertion or substitution. This article demonstrates that occasional errors occur in the manufacturing process that affects the consistency of paper brightness. The inconsistency of paper brightness may therefore influence conclusions reached in authenticating documents. Reams of multipurpose paper, from 21 manufacturers, were examined. When assessing the individual pages of each package with an ultraviolet light, approximately 30% of the reams revealed differences in paper brightness. A study of the paper-manufacturing process was conducted to determine where variations originate. It is concluded that brightness differences occur when one incompatible roll of paper is mistakenly placed with others used for one production run. It was also determined that brightness variations (when present) are patterned throughout individual reams. When the authenticity of a document is in question, consideration of these findings is essential to assure an accurate assessment.     

法律文书语言运用简论

法律文书的语言运用有四种主要类型,其共同特征是表意准确、质朴庄重、言简意赅、逻辑谨严。     

论“医疗损害”的界定

关于“损害”的界定,传统民法学上的三种理论即“利益说”、“组织说”和“事实说”各有其利弊,应当综合运用三者加以判断。关于“医疗损害”的界定,我国学者将“因果关系”的界定纳入其中,人为地导致了问题的复杂化,且与损害赔偿责任构成要件理论、对“损害”的界定以及相关立法对举证责任的规定相矛盾。“医疗损害”应当界定为“患者在接受医疗服务过程中所遭受的不利益的事实”。     

低水平书写签名字迹的分析与鉴定

在文件检验工作中,少量字的签名字迹性质判断具有一定难度,若出现时间相隔久远,同期样本稀少,当事人年龄跨度几十年的案件,要对字迹性质作出准确判断将更困难。本文通过一起经济纠纷案,就三十年前低书写水平的签名字迹进行检材与样本分析、特征价值判断、背景调查、综合评断分析与经验总结,强调在检验中应当全面了解当事人的背景材料,对案件事实与鉴定要求之间的关联性进行深入调查研究,还需要准确把握字迹变化的原因,注意避免因书写习惯的变化性因素而错误评断字迹特征属性,进而做出科学、准确的鉴定意见。     

The probative character of Forensic Handwriting Examiners’ identification and elimination opinions on questioned signatures

This 5-year study investigated the character of Forensic Handwriting Examiners’ (FHEs) authorship opinions on questioned signatures through the medium of blind validation trials. Twenty-nine thousand eight hundred and eleven authorship opinions were expressed by FHEs on trial kits comprising randomized questioned genuine signatures (written by the specimen writer), disguised signatures (written by the specimen writer) and simulated signatures (not written by the specimen writer). Results showed that, as a group, FHEs were significantly more confident at identifying writers’ genuine signatures than identifying writers’ disguised signatures or eliminating specimen writers from having authored simulated signatures. It is proposed that the difference in FHE confidence arises from the difficulty they have in deciding which alternative authorship explanation accounts for perceived combinations of similar and dissimilar features between specimen and questioned signatures.     

论文件鉴定的程序规范

在分析文件鉴定整个鉴定活动的过程中,对鉴定程序的规范做了详细的阐述,包括：案件的受理程序、检验/鉴定程序、送检材料的流转程序、结果报告程序、检验记录程序、档案管理程序和出庭质证程序等,能对规范我国文件鉴定的程序起到积极作用。     

Trust in the proposed EU regulation on trust services?

A few months after ICRI's 20th anniversary conference the European Commission adopted on 4 June 2012 a draft regulation “on electronic identification and trusted services for electronic transactions in the internal market”. The proposed legal framework is intended to give legal effect and mutual recognition to trust services including enhancing current rules on e-signatures and providing a legal framework for electronic seals, time stamping, electronic document acceptability, electronic delivery and website authentication. Yet, this draft Regulation provokes many questions with regard to the implicit “trust” concept on which it is based. Starting from their experience in the EU FP7 uTRUSTit project (Usable Trust in the Internet of Things: www.utrustit.eu) and in other ICRI research projects, Jos Dumortier and Niels Vandezande have analyzed the proposed legislative text of the European Commission and wrote a few critical observations. Although obviously not presented at the conference in November 2011, it seemed worthwhile to add this contribution to its proceedings.     

按照三个代表要求 提高党员干部素质

党员干部要按照三个代表的要求,加强党性锻炼,努力做到以学为重、以德服人、以勤从政、以廉为官、以严律己,全面提高自身素质.