植物DNA检验技术在命案现场重建中的应用策略

植物DNA检验技术是利用植物遗传性状的稳态性对关联植物物证进行检验鉴定的手段。将该技术应用于现场重建,应基于植物物证与犯罪嫌疑人、被害人及其活动环境具有＂重大关联性＂。从命案现场重建的需求上看,应围绕犯罪嫌疑人及其可控物品中附着植物与现场植物的种属同一性判断、被害人尸体（尸块或尸骸）及其随附物品中附着植物与中心现场植物的种属同一性判断、疑似侵害物及其附着植物与嫌疑人行为关联植物的种属同一性判断等三个角度或层次进行检验和综合分析。植物DNA检验技术可阐明物证的时空运行停顿规律,为命案现场重建工作提供一种参考性解决方案。     

TOF‐SIMS Analysis of Red Color Inks of Writing and Printing Tools on Questioned Documents

Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) is a well‐established surface technique that provides both elemental and molecular information from several monolayers of a sample surface while also allowing depth profiling or image mapping to be performed. Static TOF‐SIMS with improved performances has expanded the application of TOF‐SIMS to the study of a variety of organic, polymeric, biological, archaeological, and forensic materials. In forensic investigation, the use of a minimal sample for the analysis is preferable. Although the TOF‐SIMS technique is destructive, the probing beams have microsized diameters so that only small portion of the questioned sample is necessary for the analysis, leaving the rest available for other analyses. In this study, TOF‐SIMS and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) were applied to the analysis of several different pen inks, red sealing inks, and printed patterns on paper. The overlapping areas of ballpoint pen writing, red seal stamping, and laser printing in a document were investigated to identify the sequence of recording. The sequence relations for various cases were determined from the TOF‐SIMS mapping image and the depth profile. TOF‐SIMS images were also used to investigate numbers or characters altered with two different red pens. TOF‐SIMS was successfully used to determine the sequence of intersecting lines and the forged numbers on the paper.     

打印机打印法变造文件的检验

打印机打印法变造文件在检验中按照确定变造事实、分析变造方法、确认被变造原文字三个步骤,综合运用透射光或侧光观察、荧光检验、综合评断等方法进行分析检验。现代化办公用品、设备在侦破犯罪案件上的运用,使得实际工作中文件检验的工作对象不断发展、变化,这对文检人员提出了新的要求,即要具备坚实的理论基础,又要在工作中不断积累、不断学习、不断总结,从理论和实践上寻找解决新问题的新方法、新手段,为侦破刑事案件、澄清法律事实,发挥更大作用。     

未获支付的卖方对海运货物的留置权

本文分析了记名提单的法律性质 ,指出记名提单也是物权凭证 ,承运人必须凭单放货 ,否则将侵害未获支付的卖方对海运货物的留置权。     

论幸福与教育目的

教育作为人类的一项伟大事业,其目的与幸福紧密相连。但两者并不等同,幸福不是也不应是教育目的。幸福需要教育,教育目的的实现是实现幸福的重要条件;教育关注幸福,以幸福为指标衡量其目的的实现,但教育并不刻意追求幸福。     

个人言语风格识别研究

言语风格具有三个基本属性:特殊性、稳定性、反映性。侦查技术人员依法对有关案件言语材料的言语风格进行识别,可以分析出制作人个人特征,确定案件言语材料与嫌疑人的关系,从而为侦查工作提供方向和线索,为认定作案人提供证据。     

中国古代判词与当代刑事判决书对比研究

中国古代判词作为古代司法官员听讼断狱所制作的司法文书,反映着中国历史上的礼法文化传统。当下中国的刑事判决书改革,不仅需要借鉴国外的先进庭审制度和制判模式,而且需要从我国的本土断案决狱文化中汲取营养,把我国优秀的传统法律文化发扬光大,从而更好地推动司法改革的发展。本文首先对中国古代判词进行分类,继而从古代判词的文学性特征、道德化倾向、天理、人情和法意的兼顾、文本结构和用词的感情色彩等角度探讨了古代判词与现代刑事判决书的差异,并揭示了其对当今刑事判决书改革的启示。古代判词的这些特征不仅有利于实现古代社会的司法目的,对于中国当下的司法改革,尤其是刑事判决书改革也具有现实的参考价值。     

Forensic Analysis of Digital Dynamic Signatures: New Methods for Data Treatment and Feature Evaluation

This study explored digital dynamic signatures containing quantifiable dynamic data. The change in data content and nature necessitates the development of new data treatment approaches. A SignPad Omega digitizing tablet was used to assess measurement reproducibility, as well as within‐writer variation and the occurrence of correctly simulated features. Measurement reproducibility was found to be high except for pressure information. Within‐writer variation was found to be higher between days than on a same day. Occurrence of correct simulation was low for features such as signature size, trajectory length, and total signature time. Feature discrimination factors combining within‐writer variability and the occurrence of correctly simulated features were computed and show that signature size, trajectory length, and signature time are the features that perform the best for discriminating genuine from simulated signatures. A final experiment indicates that dynamic information can be used to create connections between simulation cases.     

特别权力关系与司法审查

特别权力关系是社会生活中客观存在的一个领域,它与一般法律相比有自己的特殊性,突出表现在它与司法审查的关系上。特别权力关系理论对司法审查采取了一般性的排斥态度,凸现其局限性。随民主、法治、宪政潮流之进展,司法审查适度介入传统特别权力关系领域已成为一种必然趋势。为此,既与法治潮流相适应,又吸取特别权力关系理论科学成分的"重要性"理论是值得借鉴的。作为司法审查介入的应对,我国在引进和完善"重要性"理论的同时,应当明确赋予学校等事业单位行政主体资格,加大内部管理规则的审查力度,在行政法上率先确立判例制度。     

东盟经济外交的形成、特征和成效

经过30多年的发展,东盟已在政治、经济和文化上形成一个密不可分的整体,并以集团的力量在对外交往中谋取共同利益。在中国-东盟自由贸易区计划启动后的今天,适当考察东盟经济外交的形成和特征,对我国制定相关政策是很有裨益的。