The Social Dilemma of European Integration

This essay examines the problems that many scholars raise when referring to the EU’s chances of implementing a true, original and effective social model, capable of renewing the Welfare State model developed after the Second World War. The analysis is conducted in the light of the process of ‘constitutionalisation’ in the European Union and of the Lisbon Treaty. Following a constructive approach, the author examines the current debate among European public actors on this issue, with particular emphasis on the ‘advanced enforcement’ of the Nice Bill of Rights evident in the jurisprudence of the European Courts as well as in recently published European Commission documents on ‘flexicurity’.

On the rationale of leniency programs: a game-theoretical analysis

In order to enhance the enforcement of Antitrust Law, leniency policies were introduced in nearly all industrialized countries. These programs aim at deterring and eliminating cartels. In this paper we analyze the rationale of the current European and German leniency regulation. We challenge the contemporary view that the standard leniency privilege is incentive-compatible with respect to its aim to enhance competition. Instead, we argue for it to be used as a preemptive strike against competitors under circumstances where cartels become unstable. This implies a tightening of markets in subsequent periods and, thus, a potential reduction in competition intensity. Given strategic reasoning by agents, the principal witness may assure an economically privileged position in the future. This consequence might not be intended by the bonus regulations. Nevertheless if the leniency policies lead to more competition in the market the results should be welcomed by the national cartel offices. We give anecdotal evidence of the German cement case and base our arguments on a game-theoretical model.

Foreign exchange legislation transformation and enterprise demography in India

This article evaluates the extent to which the legislative changes relating to foreign exchange that have taken place in India within the last few decades, and in particular after 1991, have made an impact on the presence of foreign firms in the economy. The data cover the period 1957–1958 to 2001–2002, and include the entire population of India’s corporate sector. In the period after reforms commenced in 1991, the number of foreign firms in India has increased very substantially. The transformation of the foreign exchange regulation act (FERA) to the foreign exchange management act (FEMA) in 1999 has had a positive effect in inducing foreign firms to India. The FEMA legislation simplifies the maze of controls, procedures and bureaucratic minutiae that have to be observed by all those undertaking to set up and operate a business in India. The changes in the legislative regimes make India attractive as an investment destination for foreign firms.

行政许可的性质与功能分析

认定行政许可的性质有几种观点,其中"解禁说"阐明了行政许可的本质属性。行政许可最主要的功能有三种:防止危险、合理配置资源、提供公信力证明。作为弥补市场缺陷的一种有效管制手段,行政许可有其独特的优越性,但其发生作用的领域是有限的。行政许可作为"权力之手"可能会产生某些社会问题和负面影响。     

论我国警察权行使的法律规制

警察是社会文明秩序的护卫,是社会发展进步的保证,警察权的状态是一个国家法治文明的标志。在现代国家中,警察权是与公民联系最密切的公共权力之一,它以限制公民的自由为主要特征。警察权力与公民权利在一定条件下成反比例关系,即警察权的扩大意味着公民权的缩小,警察权的滥用必将严重损害公民的权利。因此,权力的行使必须接受法律的规制。警察权的特殊性,决定了警察权的行使直接涉及公民的人身自由和财产,关系到人民群众的生命安危和切身利益。为了防止警察权被滥用,规范警察行政,必须加强对警察权的全方位法律规制。     

完善医疗制度 缓和医患关系

随着社会的发展,医疗纠纷数量日趋增多,成为卫生部门、医院、医生的最大难题,是继医疗改革之后的又一备受社会各界关注的热门话题,医患关系成为社会最不和谐的声音。医患关系紧张、医疗纠纷增多与我国目前相关制度、法规不健全有极大的关系。本文探讨通过建全相关制度、法规以缓和医患矛盾的问题,试图寻找合理处理医疗纠纷的办法。     

Bank regulation and supervision in bank-dominated financial systems: a comparison between Japan and Germany

This paper compares bank regulation and supervision in Japan and Germany. We consider these countries because they both have bank-dominated financial systems and their banking systems are often lumped together as one model, yet, bank stability differs significantly. We show that Japan and Germany have chosen different approaches to bank regulation and supervision and ask why they made their choices. We argue that bank regulation and supervision were less efficient in Japan than in Germany and that these differences were decisive for bank behavior.

恶意透支及其刑法规制

恶意透支有一般违法型恶意透支和犯罪型恶意透支,我国刑法规制的是犯罪型恶意透支。在各种类型的恶意透支中,积少成多型和骗领信用卡型是两种最基本的表现形式。刑法规制的恶意透支主体不仅仅限定为自然人,还应包括单位。恶意透支行为是恶意透支犯罪的客观方面,刑法对于恶意透支行为作了法定解释,但如何认定恶意透支行为,对恶意透支犯罪行为的刑法规制采用何种立法例更适宜等问题的探讨,具有重要的现实意义。     

管制刑司法适用的几个问题

管制刑适用比例低的原因除了主观因素外,还有客观方面的因素,即管制刑不是随意适用的,只有在符合管制刑的条件下才能加以适用。完全否认刑法第39条对管制刑犯的限制性作用是不可取的,并非是刑法第39条规定不具有限制性,而是由于执行不力使刑法第39条规定的限制性作用得不到执行。“社区服务令”是某些国家规定的一种刑罚方式,但在我国刑法中却缺少法律依据,因而管制刑不能由“社区刑罚”取代。     

名人代言虚假广告的法律规制

近些年,请名人做产品广告或出任企业形象代言人之风盛行。但是,在名人代言的产品或服务广告中存在着违法、虚假内容,而我国相关法律、法规没有明确规定名人在虚假广告中的责任。应通过建立名人代言广告的审查及禁止准入制度;明确其代言虚假广告的法律责任;推进公益诉讼等来进行规制。