关于公安执法的几个基本理念

为适应时代发展,公安执法应注重契约平等、权利神圣、程序公正、无罪推定、罪刑法定、法律至上、合法取证、执法比例、一事不再理、不强迫自证罪等理念,从而端正执法思想,转变执法观念,提高执法水平,尊重保障人权,实现依法治国,建设政治文明。     

Behavioral Economic Analysis of Crime: A Critical Review

Behavioral economic analysis of law is about bringing recent research about behavior and choice together with classical law and economics. In this essay we assess its relevance for the theory of optimal law enforcement. It is our view that criminal law is an area where behavioral analysis has a role to play. Notwithstanding the results so far provided by the behavioral approach are somehow disappointing.     

民事强制执行中生存权与债权的冲突与平衡

在法律规范的层面,民事强制执行程序存在着平衡生存权与债权关系的三层结构.这种正反合的制衡关系,既能够保障被执行人及其所扶养家属的基本生存权,同时又不对债权的实现构成不正当的妨害.但是,由于我国民事诉讼法在立法技术上存在缺陷,而司法解释又受到强势利益集团的影响,导致实践中对生存权与债权之间的关系在认识上有所偏差.为了改变这一状况,应当强化对生存权的保护,同时界定"生活所需的房屋"的范围,并建立相关的配套措施.     

Background Levels of Salivary-α-amylase Plus Foreign DNA in Cases of Oral Intercourse: a Female Perspective

Saliva plus DNA from a suspect is commonly encountered in sexual assault cases on bodily swabs. However, without background knowledge, the weight of this evidence is unknown. It may indicate the presence of saliva resulting from cunnilingus, or it may represent indirect transfer. In this study, females who refrained from cunnilingus donated 43 items of underwear and 19 vaginal swabs. The samples were subjected to Phadebas^®, RSID^™-Saliva and mRNA profiling and were subsequently DNA-profiled to determine the prevalence of background saliva in the female population. The results report that 15.8% of females who refrained from cunnilingus were positive for saliva and a further 10.5% also had DNA from unknown source(s). These findings of the rate of indirect transfer were evaluated with the Bayesian approach, and it was found that the evidence of saliva plus a high foreign DNA source adds moderately strong support to the allegation of cunnilingus.     

试论我国的行政执法与刑事司法衔接机制

当前我国的行政执法与刑事司法衔接的各项基本结构框架已经建立,并且在建立的过程中,行政执法与刑事司法工作的衔接机制也得以逐步完善。但不可否认的是,当前执法实践中仍存在着行政执法与刑事司法相脱节的问题,使不少违法犯罪分子没有得到有效打击,逃避了处罚。由于该衔接机制的相关实体性法律和程序性法律规范的缺失,要从根源上处理好这些问题,真正建立起行政执法与刑事司法的有效衔接仍然是一个复杂的过程。因此,研究行政执法与刑事司法的衔接机制中存在的问题并提出解决的方法无疑具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。     

公安机关执法机制探析

公安机关执法机制作为现代警务机制的核心机制,是公安机关执法理论研究的重要内容,也是各级公安机关执法实践的内源性动力。鉴于当前公安机关执法机制存在执法理念、执法程序、执法主体、执法保障等方面的问题,笔者建议,通过建立公安执法领导机制、建立公安执法运作机制、健全公安执法保障机制、建立公安执法导向机制、建立公安执法竞争激励机制等健全公安机关执法机制。     

行政执法中法律与情理的冲突及其处理

情理是人的通常心理和事情的一般道理,是人们日常生活中的经验法则。法律来源于社会,又服务于社会,法律应该以社会普通民众的情理为基础,情理往往代表着法的价值取向。但情理不是具体的法律规范本身,行政执法者在处理具体案件时,只能以相关法律的具体规定为依据,不能以情理作为判案的直接依据。但法官也不能机械地适用法律,要注意法律与情理的协调。合理的裁决或判决结果较容易为当事人和社会公众所接受以及信服,这样才能真正树立起法律的权威。     

德国竞争法的私人执行——历史局限和最新发展

从理论上说,德国比较重视竞争法的私人执行,但由于立法的不确定性和司法的限制性解释,德国竞争法的私人执行在《反限制竞争法》第7次修订前,其实际效果并不理想;私人执行既没有影响力,也没有决定力。第7次修订后,德国竞争法的私人执行制度在多个方面发生了积极的变化,以促进和强化竞争法的私人执行;但尽管如此,修订后的竞争法私人执行规定仍存在某些方面的不足,需要将来进一步发展。     

Private International Law in Chinese Courts

After the entry of China into World Trade Organization, there are problems such as jurisdiction, application of law, and judicial assistance, which need to be resolved step by step in judicial practice on foreign-related civil and commercial matters. As for private and international law problems in the Chinese courts, this paper analyses some general issues, including renovi, inter-temporal conflicts, and proof of foreign laws; reviews jurisdiction problems, for example, common jurisdiction versus special jurisdiction, selective jurisdiction versus presumptive jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction; discusses the choice of law problems such as the principle of party autonomy, the principle of the most significant relationship and dépeçage method; and studies recognition and enforcement of foreign judgment and international commercial arbitral award.