论我国刑事责任的承担方式

刑事责任问题是刑法理论中比较重要的问题.正确认识刑事责任的承担方式是刑法发展的要求,同时也是 刑事责任理论应用于实战的前提条件。本文探讨了我国刑事责任的承担方式,并提出刑事制裁概念。     

Comparative Politics and the Synthetic Control Method

In recent years, a widespread consensus has emerged about the necessity of establishing bridges between quantitative and qualitative approaches to empirical research in political science. In this article, we discuss the use of the synthetic control method as a way to bridge the quantitative/qualitative divide in comparative politics. The synthetic control method provides a systematic way to choose comparison units in comparative case studies. This systematization opens the door to precise quantitative inference in small‐sample comparative studies, without precluding the application of qualitative approaches. Borrowing the expression from Sidney Tarrow, the synthetic control method allows researchers to put “qualitative flesh on quantitative bones.” We illustrate the main ideas behind the synthetic control method by estimating the economic impact of the 1990 German reunification on West Germany.     

A Simple Digestion Method with a Lefort Aqua Regia Solution for Diatom Extraction

Presence of diatoms in tissues has been considered as a significant sign of drowning. However, there are limitations in the present extraction methods. We developed a new digestion method using the Lefort aqua regia solution (3:1 nitric acid to hydrochloric acid) for diatom extraction and evaluated the digestive capability, diatom destruction, and diatoms' recovery of this new method. The kidney tissues from rabbit mixed with water rich in diatoms were treated by the Lefort aqua regia digestion method (n = 10) and the conventional acid digestion method (n = 10). The results showed that the digestive capability of Lefort aqua regia digestion method was superior to conventional acid digestion method (p < 0.01); the structure of diatom remained almost intact; and the recovery of diatom was comparable to the conventional acid digestion method (p > 0.05). The Lefort aqua regia reagent is an improvement over the conventional acid digestion for recovery of diatoms from tissue samples.     

The iteration deficit in responsive regulation: Are regulatory ambassadors an answer?

One reason that regulation is difficult is that repeated encounters between regulator and regulatee are rare. We suggest diplomacy as a model for reconfiguring regulatory institutions in response. Ambassadors for Regulatory Affairs who would be agents for all state regulatory agencies could be based in most large firms and small and medium enterprises that pose unusual regulatory risks. In rural towns, police would be trained as regulatory ambassadors. Just as a US Secretary of State can launch a “diplomatic surge” in Myanmar from 2009, so regulatory surges are possible in market sectors of high risk or high opportunity. We propose strategies of indirect reciprocity as a way in which reciprocity that is only episodic in these strategic ways can promote more general responsiveness. Indirect reciprocity is reciprocity that we do not personally experience, but learn from the experience of a culture. This means that so long as we sustain regulation as a relational as opposed to a purely technocratic process, indirect reciprocity might civilize regulatory compliance in an historical process informed by the theories of Elias and Putnam.     

基于裁判文书的法学实证研究之审视

知识图谱分析结果表明,基于裁判文书的法学实证研究成果数量总体上呈现增长趋势,但在近两年出现明显下降;基于裁判文书法学实证研究学术群体规模正在逐步缓慢扩大,但研究成果在研究主体间的分布呈较为集中趋势;研究成果所涉及学科领域具有较为明显的局限性,且具体研究内容伴随热点问题获得短暂爆发之后开始呈退缩之势。在方法转型背景之下,基于裁判文书法学实证研究的演变,受到研究方法在数据可得性、数据完整性以及数据客观性等方面所存在之优势与缺陷影响。研究人员自身应当在研究过程中通过丰富研究数据、规范研究方法之适用以及推动数据处理技术的发展等方式寻求基于裁判文书法学实证研究的长远发展之道。     

从绩效问责到宏观调控工具--2003-2014年国外政府绩效评估综述

尽管绩效评估在我国各级政府中逐渐成为日常性管理制度,但无论实践界还是理论界都还在利用西方20多年前的旧知识来解决新问题。通过客观德尔菲法对 Web-of-Science 数据库中2003-2014年间的317篇政府绩效评估文献进行“硬聚类”,发现国外近十年政府绩效评估的新规律在于：努力对政府的具体部门进行“体检”式绩效评估,诊断每项具体工作的实际绩效状况;利用“体检结果”促进政府问责进程;对政府绩效“病症”寻找“致病”诱因,试图将高绩效政府当作带动整个社会发展的“政策杠杆”来推动国家走出发展低迷;在大数据时代中将信息当作提升政府绩效的“非物质文化”因素,同时认为信息本身就意味着绩效。     

学者钱钟书的读书与治学

钱钟书为中国现代文史大家,其读书、自学与治学的方法既成就其自身的学术事业,也嘉惠后学。钱氏读书与自学中虽兴趣广泛,中西兼顾,但也沙中淘金,择要而取;虽博闻强记,天赋异禀,但也手抄笔记,肯下硬功夫。在治学过程中,注重"瞥观疏记,识小积多",并持之以恒,终其一生。践行读书、自学与治学的方法与态度对于当代学者治学有很强的警示和借鉴价值。     

数学方法与政工研究

运用数学方法是社会科学研究的一种现实趋势。数学方法对政工研究的渗透和影响主要有三个领域：一是政治工作测评;二是思想信息分析;三是政治工作方案决策与预测。由于政工教研人员缺乏数学知识,政工科学本身的不成熟,政工研究的数学化程度还不够高。相信随着知识军事的到来,数学方法的运用必将促进政工研究的科学化     

关于思维方法的几个问题

思维方法是否是一种约定 ,是否仅指理论思维方法 ,是否只是认识方法 ,这是思维科学研究中需要澄清或进一步思考的问题。本文就这几个问题谈谈看法     

公共支出改革与政府职能转变

政府机构改革的关键是转变政府职能 ,转变政府职能离不开政府公共支出的改革。政府职能转变要求合理界定公共支出范围 ,科学进行公共支出预算 ,改进公共支出的使用方式 ,健全和完善公共支出的管理制度。