牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒SYBR GreenⅠ实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立

为了检测牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒,本研究建立了牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法。通过设计特异性引物扩增病毒基因,将扩增的目的片段(119 bp)连接到pMD19-T载体中,构建重组质粒。将重组质粒作为阳性标准品,用于SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR检测方法的建立。结果显示,特异性引物扩增的目的片段约为119 bp,符合预期的大小,经测序鉴定所扩增的目的片段正确。敏感性结果显示,用该方法检测阳性质粒标准品的最低限度为3.04 X101 copies/mL,是Nano-PCR的10倍。将牛病毒性腹泻病毒、牛呼吸道合胞体病毒、牛副流感病毒3型与牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒进行特异性检测。结果显示,只有牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒被检测到,其他病毒均未有特异性的扩增曲线,表明该方法的特异性良好。批内和批间重复变异系数均小于1%,显示该方法具有良好的重复性。用建立的方法对20份疑似IBRV的临床样品进行检测,并与Nano-PCR检测方法进行对比,结果显示本方法的阳性样晶率高于Nano-PCR检测方法。本研究建立的牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒SYBR Green I实时荧光定量PCR方法特异性好、灵敏度高、重复性好,可用于牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒的检测。     

犯罪对象概念的反思与重构

刑法学者之所以在不同场合赋予犯罪对象不同含义,是因为我国刑法理论中的传统犯罪对象概念存在一定的缺陷。有必要重构犯罪对象概念,将“犯罪行为直接作用的具体人和物”与“犯罪客体的直接物质承担者”两种含义适当分离,在理论上区分为直接犯罪对象与间接犯罪对象,二者作为犯罪实行行为指向的事物,有时可发生部分重合,但功能上并不相同,不可相互替代。     

司法实证分析

纯理性的、纯思辨的分析在法学研究中的局限性越来越明显,司法实践越来越需要实证分析的方法.实证分析的方法,就是如何获得知识的知识,怎样获得一个研究成果的过程和方法.实证分析强调三个意识:样本意识、量化意识、半知意识,还必需具备三个条件:理论资源、案例资源、量化分析手段.     

论正确处理人民内部矛盾的方法——纪念毛泽东《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》发表50周年

毛泽东在《关于正确处理人民内部矛盾的问题》中,针对人民内部矛盾的不同表现,具体阐述了处理人民内部矛盾的各种方法,对于处理新形势下的人民内部矛盾具有重要的现实指导意义。对于我国社会当前存在的人民内部矛盾,必须运用经济、教育、法律等方面的方法来加以解决。     

诱惑侦查对我国司法实践的启迪

随着社会的发展。犯罪行为日趋多样化、复杂化,侦查手段也应顺应实践的发展,才能更有效地打击犯罪,维护社会的良好秩序．诱惑侦查是案件侦查过程中的一种特殊侦查手段,尽管很多学者对此提出质疑,但实践中其具有合理性、合法性,是打击犯罪所不可缺少的．我国应建立诱惑侦查制度。     

量刑方法论——从对传统观念的检讨与批判谈起

对犯罪人裁量决定刑罚是刑事审判中重要的环节,事关对司法活动公平与正义的评价.而正确把握量刑的方法,对做到"罚当其罪"和"罪刑相适应"至关重要.从传统观念的检讨与批判谈起,论述量刑的理念、原则、方法和因素,并在量刑的步骤和方法上提出见解.     

侵权行为法中公平责任的适用范围

侵权行为法中的公平责任是以衡量当事人之间的利益关系为主要理由,来确定责任主体赔偿或补偿责任的一种责任认定方式,是对传统归责方法的一种矫正。公平责任受其特定的归责理由的限制,主要适用于监护人责任、雇主责任、紧急避险责任中某些特定的情况,也适用于受益人的补偿责任或责任分担和对赔偿数额的限制方面。从立法例和司法实践中准确把握公平责任适用范围,对正确认识和运用公平责任归责方法,具有重要司法实践意义。     

Significant Differences in PostMortem Heart Weight Before and After Dissection Using the Short-Axis Dissecting Method

Correctly assessing heart weight can be critical at postmortem examination. The current international guidelines advocate using the short-axis method in dissecting the heart and the heart weighed when the blood is emptied. However, it did not specify at what point the heart should be weighed or how the blood should be emptied. This study compared heart weights at three different time points during the heart examination (immediately after dissecting out of the pericardial sac with blood still in chambers, blood washed/removed from heart chambers without the heart opened, and the heart completely opened, blood emptied, and pad dried). This was to illustrate the variation in measurement and potential errors when the heart is weighed at different time of dissection. The results show that there were statistical and clinical significant differences between the heart weights at each weighing points. We recommend the heart to be completely dissected with any blood and residual washing/rinsing water emptied before being weighed. Although performed in this study, the effect of pad drying the heart on heart weight was not explored and was a limitation in this study.     

祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率研究

目的推导祖孙双单亲比对的匹配概率(PMGDS)公式,并以随机模拟法进行验证。方法首先,根据定义推导PMGDS的数学公式,依据此公式在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的数值。其次,以随机模拟法设计实验,在19个基因座上计算PMGDS的模拟值。最后,以模拟值对比公式值的方式,对公式进行实验验证。结果研究获得了PMGDS的数学公式,经模拟实验验证显示出良好的符合。结论祖孙双单亲比对的错判概率较低,具有很好的应用价值。     

The Accuracy and Repeatability of Reconstructing Single Bullet Impacts Using the 2D Ellipse Method

When a bullet punctures a surface, it leaves behind a bullet impact, which can be analyzed in order to determine the origin and trajectory path from which a bullet was discharged using many different scientific methods to reconstruct a shooting scene. The purpose of the research was to test the accuracy and repeatability of reconstructing the impact angle of single bullet impacts using the ellipse method. The research was conducted by firing various calibers of ammunition into drywall panels positioned at varying angles of incidence from 88° until ricochet occurred. This was done in order to determine which caliber type and angle of incidence are most accurate and precise for reconstructing a shooting scene. The study examined four caliber types fired into drywall panels, with 5 repeated shots for each of the 11 angles of incidence (n = 220). Furthermore, 31 participants partook in the study to estimate a bullet impact angle of incidence utilizing the ellipse method. The results show that the best performance (accuracy and repeatability) is seen with the measurements of the 0.45 caliber ammunition. When angle of incidences is low (<64°), the performance (accuracy and repeatability) was seen to be better in all caliber ammunitions. Overall, the data provided for single bullet impacts deposited in drywall show that the ellipse method is useful in providing measurements for most crime scene reconstruction purposes and has also demonstrated that results vary depending on the type of ammunition, firearm, and angle of incidence being examined.