警惕个体恐怖犯罪的泛滥

个体恐怖犯罪在我国的出现越来越多,危害越来越大,然而它与有组织的恐怖犯罪有明显的区别。引起个体恐怖犯罪的原因有很多,既包括对社会严重不满和对他人极端仇视等复杂原因,也包括了社会转型期各种复杂矛盾引起的问题。为了防范此类犯罪,我们要更多地了解个体恐怖犯罪的特点和危害,以便采取相应的措施来进行应对。     

论公安机关在构建和谐社会中职能作用的发挥

构建社会主义和谐社会是一项宏大而长远的系统工程。公安机关在这一伟大工程中负有神圣使命与重大历史责任。为此,必须深刻理解和谐社会的内在涵义,找准公安工作的切入点,从根本上解决在影响构建和谐社会过程中出现的诸多问题,充分发挥公安机关的职能作用,为构建和谐社会服务。     

Status of Mandibular Third Molar Development as Evidence in Legal Age Threshold Cases

The completion of the third molar roots has played an important role in ascertaining whether individuals may be at or over a legal threshold of age, often taken as 18 years. This study demonstrates that root apex completion in the third molar is relatively uninformative regarding the threshold of age 18 years in a sample of 1184 males, where mean age‐of‐attainment of root apex completion for third mandibular molars is about 19.4 years. This paper also considers the legal age threshold problem for cases where the third mandibular molar is not completely formed, and outlines the use of parametric models and Bayes’ factors to evaluate dental evidence in statistically appropriate ways. It attempts to resolve confusion over age‐within‐stage versus age‐of‐attainment, likelihood ratios versus other diagnostic tests, and prior odds for a case versus the prior density for an age distribution.     

A method for calculating the strength of evidence associated with an earwitness's claimed recognition of a familiar speaker

The present paper proposes and demonstrates a method for assessing strength of evidence when an earwitness claims to recognize the voice of a speaker who is familiar to them. The method calculates a Bayes factor that answers the question: What is the probability that the earwitness would claim to recognize the offender as the suspect if the offender was the suspect versus what is the probability that the earwitness would claim to recognize the offender as the suspect if the offender was not the suspect but some other speaker from the relevant population? By “claim” we mean a claim made by a cooperative earwitness not a claim made by an earwitness who is intentionally deceptive. Relevant data are derived from naïve listeners' responses to recordings of familiar speakers presented in a speaker lineup. The method is demonstrated under recording conditions that broadly reflect those of a real case.     

Influence of acculturation strategies on the judgement and punishment of an offender of North African descent

Very few studies have examined the influence of the acculturation strategies of an offender of foreign descent on the way a third party judges the personality and action of that offender. The aim of our study was thus to measure the effect of three variables (Seriousness of the harm suffered by the victim; Type of acculturation strategy of the offender; Level of Social Dominance Orientation [SDO]) of the person making the judgement) on the judgements and decisions made by a sample of students faced with a situation of physical aggression committed by a man of North African descent living in France. After reading a scenario describing a criminal act committed by a man of North African descent, who had or had not adopted French culture, 168 French students completed a judgement scale concerning the criminal act and the offender and an SDO scale. The results show that the crime was perceived as less serious when the perpetrator had adopted French culture than when he had not. The perpetrator was also judged less severely. Participants with higher levels of SDO advocated harsher punishment and attributed the crime to the offender’s personality. We discuss these results and identify new avenues for research.     

The Sexual Violence Risk-20: factor structure and psychometric properties

Although the Sexual Violence Risk-20 (SVR-20) is widely used, its psychometric properties have only been investigated in a limited number of studies. This study explored the factor structure of the SVR-20 and examined its psychometric properties. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to examine the fit of the original three-domain model of the SVR-20. The CFA showed that the original structure was not satisfactory. Exploratory principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted in search of a more optimal factor structure. Psychometric properties (i.e., internal consistency, predictive value, and convergent validity) of both the original domains and alternative factors were investigated. The PCA and subsequent CFAs pointed in the direction of an alternative, more optimal three-factor solution. The three alternative factors were labeled as Antisociality, Sexual deviance, and Problematic thinking and produced better internal consistency coefficients than the original domains. However, the validity of the SVR-20 was modest and no evidence was found indicating that the alternative factors were better in this regard as compared to the original domains. Despite the overall superiority of actuarial measures in predicting recidivism, the structured professional judgment of the SVR-20 proved to be more predictive of sexual, violent, and general recidivism than its actuarial scoring method.     

法治视野下的警察执法违法行为规制

近年来,新闻媒体不断披露的有关公安机关或人民警察违法犯罪案件,引起人们对公安机关及人民警察的极大关注。不仅对警民关系的健康发展造成影响,而且带来“法律信仰”危机。“执法者违法”现象的形成固然有执法者自身素质不高等原因,但其根源在于我国现有警察制度自身的缺陷。通过分析我国警察制度的现状,从制度层面上分析“执法者违法”现象的产生原因,探析现有警察制度存在的不足,进而提出制度改革的若干意见。     

编造并传播证券交易虚假信息罪争议研究

我国学界目前对编造并传播证券交易虚假信息罪的客观要件、主观要件、罪数界限在认识上存在较大的分歧,经逐一比较分析,方可得出合理结论。     

人民监督员制度有关问题探析

人民监督员制度体现了司法民主,是修补现存制度性缺陷的有意义的努力。该制度在监督员的构成、监督范围、监督员组织形式、监督程序的设置等方面均有值得进一步研究的问题。建议通过立法确认和加强人民监督员制度的外部性,并实行监督意见附卷移送制度。     

新生代农民工培训供给需求与培训意愿综合关系实证研究——对深圳新生代农民工教育培训的调查

新生代农民工已经成为中国农民工的主体,他们的劳动素质不仅关系到其自身的就业机会和收入水平,也会影响到中国的整体素质和国家竞争力.因此,如何通过教育培训提高新生代农民工的素质和融入城市的能力是现实必须解决的问题.