元杂剧中的“赛卢医”

“赛卢医”是元杂剧里的一个小人物，很少受到研究者的重视，但这一危色在杂剧中的作用又是不可忽视的，是至关重要的，是有其研究价值的。本文拟从赛卢医名称来源、角色出现的原因、角色的重要性三个方面来解读这一角色。     

论我国个人破产法律制度的构建

我国目前正在着手修改的《合伙企业法》,拟增加关于“有限合伙”的内容。在有限合伙相应的破产环节上各国一般均通过个人破产制度予以调整和化解。加之我国家庭整体负债率高,居民个人消费和社会的整体经济形式存在失衡,个人破产立法势在必行。目前我国消费信用体系正在建设之中且已初具规模,中国实施个人破产已初步具备条件。但是个人破产是一把双刃剑,应当设置较高的申请破产的门槛和合理的财产扣押范围,建立符合中国实际的债务清偿计划制度和破产免责制度,并实行人格破产和限制消费制度,同时应避免金融机构为获取贷款利润滥发信用卡,鼓动消费者过分超前消费。     

STRAINED LIVES AND CRIME: EXAMINING INTRA‐INDIVIDUAL VARIATION IN STRAIN AND OFFENDING IN A SAMPLE OF INCARCERATED WOMEN*

When applied to the study of changes in an individual's offending, general strain theory posits that individuals will be more likely to offend during periods of high strain. Using 36 months of retrospective data collected from female inmates, we explore the relationship between intra‐individual changes in strain and changes in offending and drug use. We also examine how different dimensions of strain‐recent composite strain, duration, clustering and accumulation, contribute to the explanation of offending. We find that changes in strain are associated with changes in violence, drug use, and property crime and that these relationships remain after the addition of control variables. Moreover, the strain‐crime relationship holds when the correct causal order is specified. When modeling offending, taking various dimensions of strain into account does increase the amount of variation explained for some outcomes, but other dimensions are highly correlated. We conclude that conceptualizing the interaction between strain and crime as a dynamic process is constructive and that general strain theory will be improved if criminologists move beyond static conceptions of strain.     

Confinement as a two‐stage turning point: Do changes in identity or social structure predict subsequent changes in criminal activity?*

Scholars frequently characterize incarceration as a possible turning point in criminal activity. This implies a two‐stage process: 1) change in life‐course mechanisms around confinement and reentry result in 2) subsequent change in criminal activity relative to preconfinement. Following this model, we examine change in criminal activity, criminal identity, and social/structural challenges using data from the Prison Project, a cohort of adult males with short‐term confinement in the Netherlands in 2010–2011. Results of a novel test for within‐individual change in arrests from preconfinement to post‐reentry show that most individuals are stable—yet there is a substantial group who go down meaningfully and a much smaller group who go up. Even though changes in criminal identity from the intervening period do not predict these change groups, increases in social/structural challenges predict those who go up in criminal activity. We build from prior work on desistance and reentry, contrasting our findings and highlighting the unique insight gained from, as well as challenges of, measuring individual change within our two‐stage turning point model. Although life‐course mechanisms often correspond with changes in criminal activity concurrently, identifying individual changes that are predictors of subsequent shifts in criminal offending remains elusive.     

个人独特性与法律普遍性之调适

现代法律通过立法上的抽象化、典型化、身份化、角色化等技术确立了普遍性。但是，个人的独特性与法律的普遍性之间存在的冲突也昭然若揭：强调行为而忽略人的存在；注重平等而无视人的差异；突出客观而不考虑主观问题。这些都使得法律规则与真实的个人之间无法协调。为解决这一问题，法律应当保障个人私域空间的合理存在，保障个性自由；确定法律上的特殊弱者，为少数人提供特殊的法律保护；法律运作层面上，通过个别化的方式，根据人的独特性设定不同的法律规则和作出不同的法律裁决。     

邓小平人学思想的历史价值和当代意义

本文以个人利益和思想自由这两个基本的人性一政治问题为焦点，在历史与现实的维度中，从肯定社会主义与全民富裕的联系、肯定个人利益的合法正当性、鼓励独立思考和自由言论、反对个人崇拜和迷信四方面系统评析了邓小平的人学思想，揭示了其深邃的历史价值和强烈的当代意义。     

论个人破产法律制度在我国的构建

个人破产法律制度在许多国家和地区已经相当成熟,并在经济活动中发挥着重要的作用,但在我国的立法中一直处于空白状态。随着社会经济发展、人们消费形态的变化,建立此制度在我国具有现实的必要性。我国构建个人破产制度时,其立法模式应当采用一般破产主义,并且设置自由财产制度、破产许可免责制度、简易破产程序等来保障其顺利施行。     

剖析“反矫正”心理态势 推进“个性化”社区矫正

我国社区矫正工作开展以来,出现了许多新问题、新情况,其中最突出的是社区矫正对象在矫正过程中,存在着各种不同的心理状态,需要进行认真分析,仔细解读,制订相应的工作措施并落实到位才能奏效。即在矫正工作实践中,对社区矫正对象开展个别化教育,扎实推进＂个性化＂社区矫正,才能不断提高社区矫正对象的改好率,进而使社区矫正工作取得更好的社会效果。     

经济法价值在公司法中的体现

近年来,公司法开始由重视个体利益的规范效率向重视社会整体利益的制度效率转轨,经济法价值在公司法中得到了充分体现：制定公司法的目的除为了规范公司的组织和行为外,还要保护公司、股东和债权人的合法权益,维护社会经济秩序;公司法所规定的法人治理结构是实现公司运营效率的保证,它的完善在一定意义上就是社会效率的彰显;公司法中最为典型地体现经济法中社会效率的制度是公司法人人格否认制度;公司法中还存在着经济法的另外一个价值即维护社会公平与实质正义的规定。     

论发展繁荣社会主义文化的重要性和紧迫性

先进文化具有引领前进方向、凝聚奋斗力量、推动事业发展的重大作用。中国共产党第十七届中央委员会第六次全体会议提出深化文化体制改革,推动社会主义文化大发展大繁荣,为把我国建设成为社会主义文化强国指明了方向。学习贯彻六中全会精神,必须充分认识发展繁荣社会主义文化,对进一步兴起社会主义文化建设新高潮,对夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利、开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面、实现中华民族伟大复兴的重要性和紧迫性。