巨灾损失呼唤个人破产制度

汶川地震,凸显了破产法缺失个人破产制度。个人破产法应尽早进入立法视野。应借鉴企业破产制度中的破产财产制度、破产和解制度,建立个人破产的相关制度,并制定相应的监督制度,更好地发挥破产的价值功能以维护债权人的合法利益,给债务人重生的机会。     

A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of individually oriented Cognitive Behavioral Treatment (CBT) for severe aggressive behavior in adolescents

This meta-analysis, including six studies (13 effect sizes) and 164 adolescents, examined the effectiveness of individually oriented treatment (which means that the intervention contained at least an individual component, possibly in combination with group and/or family therapy) with CBT-elements for adolescents with severe aggression problems. A large and homogeneous overall effect size was found (d = 1.139) indicating consistency across studies. The included studies examined the effect of three interventions, namely, mode deactivation therapy (MDT; four studies), stress-inoculation therapy (1), and the cell-phone program (1). This multilevel analysis demonstrated that only few individually oriented interventions have been developed and evaluated, while four of the included studies used a weak research design. Effective individually tailored interventions for youths with severe aggression problems (who are unsuitable for group treatment) are scant. There may be added value if group interventions are supplemented with more individually tailored evidence-based interventions.     

不同来源一氧化碳中毒死亡者血液中COHb含量分析

目的探索一氧化碳中毒存在的个体差异性,分析女性可能存在的抵御一氧化碳中毒的机制。方法收集207例不同来源的一氧化碳中毒死亡者血液,测量COHb含量,将案例按照不同的因素分类进行统计学分析。结果不同一氧化碳的来源对于死者的COHb浓度影响显著,而性别对于COHb浓度影响不显著,少年儿童和老年人有可能对COHb的抵御能力差于成年人。     

Much Ado about nothing? A multilevel analysis of the relationship between voluntary associations' characteristics and their members' generalized trust

The last 20 years of research on the micro-level relationship between involvement in voluntary associations and generalized trust has been characterized by a growing theory–data gap. This gap is especially problematic in terms of including diversity across voluntary associations in empirical analyses. This article aims to bridge this gap by using a hierarchically clustered data set (active members nested in voluntary associations) and multilevel analyses to test several hypotheses drawn from prior studies about the relationship between voluntary associations' characteristics and members' level of generalized trust. Overall, the results indicate that in explaining the variability in individual generalized trust levels, differences among the associations in which individuals are involved could contribute marginally at best. Almost all variance (97.6%) in individual level of generalized trust lies between the individuals and not between the associations. Furthermore, the analyses show no correlations for most tested associational characteristics. As for membership diversity, the most pronounced result runs opposite to expectation—thus providing some support for a membership similarity hypothesis rather than for a diversity hypothesis. The article raises the question whether the search for associational differences that might explain the lack of a general relationship between membership in voluntary associations and individual level of generalized trust is in fact a dead end.     

权利冲突中的少数主义原则

权利冲突问题一直以来都是法学研究的一个热点,同时也是一个难点,而多数人权利与少数人权利的冲突问题,则可以说是难点中的难点:因为处理不好它有可能导致民主制度的颠覆或多数人的暴政等问题.考虑到法学首先是一种实践性学科,因而对这个在实践中经常遇见的问题进行理论上的分析并提出解决之道就是法学的当有之责--而"少数主义原则"正是对这一问题的可能答案.     

行政许可与个人自由

在资源配置效益之外从个人自由的角度论证行政许可的本质 ,运用分析法学的方法解析许可和行政许可的法律意义 ,则行政许可就是通过行政程序创设个人自由或财产性权利的构成性事实。行政许可权的合理性与正当限度即在于个人自由与公共利益的平衡。公共利益概念存在不确定性和“羊皮化”倾向 ,而对治理的实质理性的追求是不可靠的 ,应该注重程序制度的建设和程序权利的维护。     

THE ROLE OF TURNING POINTS IN ESTABLISHING BASELINE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PEOPLE IN DEVELOPMENTAL AND LIFE‐COURSE CRIMINOLOGY

Turning points, between‐person differences, and within‐person changes have all been linked to desistance from crime. Nevertheless, the means through which between‐person differences are frequently captured in life‐course criminology makes them intertwined with, and perhaps confounded by, turning points in life. We propose that a new way of capturing the between‐person effect—the baseline between‐person difference—could benefit theoretically informed tests of developmental and life‐course issues in criminology. Because they occur at one time point immediately preceding a turning point in life, we demonstrate that baseline between‐person differences establish meaningful theoretical connections to behavior and the way people change over time. By using panel data from the Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative, we estimate models capturing within‐person change and baseline between‐person differences in social bonds (family support) and differential association (peer criminality) at the time of release from prison. The results demonstrate that baseline levels of family support protect people from postrelease substance use but not from crime. Baseline between‐person differences and within‐person changes in peer criminality, however, are robustly related to crime and substance use. Collectively, baseline between‐person differences seem critical for behavior and within‐person change over time, and the results carry implications for reentry‐based policy as well as for theory testing in developmental criminology more broadly.     

个人破产制度的建构

新的《企业破产法》将破产对象限定为企业法人,自然人仍在一片质疑声中被排除在其适用主体范围之外。在经济活动日益频繁和复杂的今天,这种局面已显然不利于市场经济的有序发展。赋予自然人和法人同等的破产能力,构建一套具体可行的个人破产制度并辅以相应的监督制度,为实现生活中出现的新的经济现象提供解决的合法途径。     

论罪责刑相适应原则

罪责刑相适应原则是从客观主义刑法学派主张的罪刑对称和主观主义刑法学派主张的刑罚个别化演变而来的。这一原则要求在规定和裁量刑罚时 ,既要注重犯罪行为及其造成的实际危害 ,又要注重犯罪人的主观恶性或人身危险性。罪责刑相适应中的“罪行”应当是具体犯罪构成所要求的全部事实 ,而“刑事责任”则是犯罪人在犯罪过程中以及犯罪前后表现出来的、决定其人身危险性的一系列主观情况。要在司法中贯彻这一原则 ,还需要做大量的工作     

家事司法修复家庭关系的经验研究

家事审判改革强调修复家庭关系在家事案件处理中的重要性，但西南地区X法庭家事审判实践的经验研究表明，家事司法修复家庭关系的效度并不彰显。法官将家庭关系修复贯穿于审判的全过程后，依然很难修复夫妻一方离婚意愿强烈的婚姻关系，在面对代际关系冲突时也只能用法定权利义务关系去简化复杂的家庭关系。家事司法在修复家庭关系中能力有限，根本原因在于在当前社会条件下面临多重制约，包括开放社会带来的不稳定性、家庭成员之间的个体意识冲突、现代法律与家庭价值的冲突等。因此，家事审判改革应当在完善心理辅导、多元调解、单位联动等配套机制的同时，积极引导家庭成员树立有利于家庭关系和谐稳定的价值观念，建立能够有效稳定家庭关系的社会机制。