青少年骨关节X线片的骨龄研究

通过对11～16周岁女性及13～20周岁男性青少年左侧肩、肘、腕、髋、膝、踝关节拍摄X线片,进行了青少年的骨龄研究.根据骨骼生长发育的特点,提出了各大关节X线片判定骨龄的观察指标及分级标准,并使用SPSS软件包进行数据处理,建立了青少年利用6大关节骨骺愈合程度判定女性是否已满14周岁、男性是否已满16周岁或18周岁的判别分析方程.     

Blinking Subjects; Blinking Justice? – Law,Medicine and the PVS Patient

This paper argues that in medical discourse, there is insufficient unanimity of opinion with regards to the time at which an accurate diagnosis of PVS can be made and that clearly, there is an incomplete medical knowledge of the PVS condition. The judiciary chooses neither to question medical opinion that patients can be considered to be in PVS despite a failure to satisfy the diagnostic criteria, nor medical opinion that patients in `near PVS' will never recover. It is apparent from an examination of the judgements given in PVS cases that the law does not ascribe such individuals with full human status. Such a legal position is particularly problematic in ethical terms when applied in cases involving patients who are in a `near PVS' position, and in the light of evidence that some PVS diagnoses are inaccurate. The application of the best interests test in PVS cases results in the adoption of a paternalistic, objective approach that fails to respect the former competent individuals whom PVS patients once were. If, alternatively, the substituted judgement test were to be adopted, the principle of individual autonomy would become central to the question of whether PVS patients' treatment should be withdrawn. Furthermore, the application of this test would also ensure that PVS patients continue to be viewed as `persons'.     

马克思主义意识形态理论的新发展

马克思主义意识形态理论是我国新时期社会主义意识形态建设的根本指针,它统领着中国特色社会主义发展的方向和目标.科学发展观是马克思主义中国化的新成果,是马克思主义意识形态理论在当代中国的崭新创造.科学发展观初步形成了我国社会主义意识形态理论的新体系,呈现出传承性与创新性相统一、系统性与协调性相衔接、层次性与开放性相关照、人民性与统领性相结合等鲜明特点,是马克思主义意识形态理论和我国社会主流意识形态的新发展.     

关于犯罪经济学理性选择理论的一些探讨

犯罪经济学是一门新兴而潜力无限的犯罪学学科,其中的理性选择理论对于犯罪原因的解释虽不适用于任何犯罪行为,但对这一理论的研究还有更多值得去深入思考和探索的地方,而且也需要这样做。     

巨额财产来源不明罪的博弈分析

巨额财产来源不明罪这一罪名自设立之日起,就在刑法理论界和司法实践中引起了广泛的争议,本文试图运用博弈论这一数学方法为工具,通过比较相关当事人的收益在有无该罪名时的变化,分析研究该罪名怎样影响他们最终的决定,结果表明,虽然巨额财产来源不明罪对贪污腐败分子有一定的威慑作用,对反腐倡廉有一定的司法救济作用,但总体来看,由于该罪名客观上减少了司法机关取证的激励,增大了潜在的腐败分子的期望收益,与最初的立法宗旨背道而驰,因此该罪名的设立是弊大于利。     

Anthropological analyses of 30 insertion/deletion autosomal markers in five major ethnic groups of Pakistan

We investigated the forensic efficacy of the 30 insertion/deletion (Indel) markers included in the Qiagen Investigator® DIPplex kit in 529 Pakistani individuals from five major subpopulations in Pakistan (Punjabi, Pashtun, Sindhi, Saraiki, and Baloch). In the Sindhi population, the distribution of HLD81 and HLD97 alleles deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction. The combined match probability ranged from 2.0E-12 (Pashtun and Baloch) to 1.0E-12 (Sindhi), and the mean paternity exclusion power varied from 0.995 (Punjabi, Sindhi, and Saraiki) to 0.996 (Pashtun and Baloch). The high combined power of discrimination (0.999 999 999 999 97) and low combined match probability (1.7E-12) for all subpopulations studied support the utility of the 30 Indel markers for forensic identification in the studied subpopulations. The allele frequencies of the Indel markers in the Pakistani subpopulations were compared with those from 18 other populations. The results show that the populations clustered according to geography. The subpopulations investigated in this work showed a close genetic relationship with others from Pakistan, as well as with South Central Asian and Middle Eastern populations. The results suggest that the Investigator^® DIPplex kit can be useful as a supplementary tool for human identification in the five Pakistani subpopulations investigated in this study.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/20961790.2021.1933366 .     

区块链经济学的形成与展望

数字经济是中国经济的重要发展方向之一，而区块链是数字经济的基础技术之一。自2008年以来，区块链的技术取得了长足发展，并且在加密货币、金融、供应链管理、企业管理和公共管理等众多领域产生了广泛的应用前景。文章介绍了最近几年来关于区块链的经济学和金融学研究。首先，文章介绍了区块链的发展背景。其次，文章介绍了区块链的运行机制以及背后的经济学原理。再次，文章从博弈论、市场均衡、网络经济学、交易成本经济学、信息经济学和产业组织理论等多个角度，系统地梳理了关于区块链的经济学和金融学研究成果。最后，文章基于我国区块链产业的发展需求，提出区块链经济学的下一步发展，应该重点关注联盟链落地机制、参与方信息结构、主权货币实施方案以及区块链在医疗、公益、食品安全等行业的具体应用机制设计等问题。     

How America disguises its violence: colonialism,mass incarceration,and the need for resistant imagination

ABSTRACT

This paper examines how a delusive social imaginary of criminal-justice has underpinned contemporary U.S. mass incarceration and encouraged widespread indifference to its violence. I trace the complicity of this criminal-justice imaginary with state-organized violence by comparing it to an imaginary that supported colonial violence. I conclude by discussing how those of us outside of prison can begin to resist the entrenched images and institutions of mass incarceration by engaging the work and imagining the perspective of incarcerated people.     

视听作品画面与内容的二分思路

在现行著作权法下,视听作品的著作权保护是否或如何覆盖非连续画面内容,并不十分清楚。实务中,如何看待视听作品所含内容对视听作品独创性和权利归属的影响,也一直存在争议。决策者应当接受画面与内容二分思路指引,消除视听作品著作权规则的模糊性。在二分思路下,视听作品独创性体现在画面制作的三个环节,即过程事件的可视化、连续画面的拍摄和后期制作环节。视听作品著作权保护限于连续画面本身。非画面内容应按照传统作品类型分别予以保护。内容贡献者如果没有参与上述任一画面制作环节,则没有对视听作品的独创性做出贡献,也不影响视听作品的权利归属。二分思路可以很好地解释复杂的网络游戏画面著作权争议,展现了宽广的应用前景。     

论批判理论中的“微观”政治思想意蕴

批判理论是法兰克福学派的学者对当代资本主义社会的发展现状及其历史进程进行批判性审视的结果,其中蕴含了深刻的政治思想。一方面,批判理论不仅关注当代资本主义社会中的普遍性问题,对实证主义的哲学精神和传统的意识形态理论进行解析和批判;另一方面,批判理论还注重发掘资本主义社会生活中的细节,将对资本逻辑的批判从宏观转向了微观,进而通达其政治诉求。可以认为,从微观视角对批判理论中的政治思想内涵进行探索,不仅能够对其进行深刻理解和阐释,而且能够在新时代背景下将批判理论与当代中国现代化建设进行有机的结合,进而实质性地推进马克思主义中国化的理论进程。