论我国职业病防治法律规制的进路及完善

我国已建立多层次保障职业健康和防治职业病的规制体系,其具体进路主要表现为劳动者权益保护日益增强、用人单位责任进一步强化、便捷高效原则更加突出、职业病防治监管主体多次转变。四条进路之间呈现既相互联系又相互区别的辩证统一关系,表明我国职业病防治重点解决职业病诊断、鉴定及追责之困境,已将劳动者权益置于首位,摆脱了法律工具禁锢,而转向权益保障的价值目标。展望未来,尚可从匹配职业病诊断和鉴定机构的管辖级别、设立职业病鉴定中的听证程序、持续推行高效便民原则及实现对职业卫生监管直接责任人员的监察整合等方面进一步优化。     

The Investment Approach to Public Service Provision

The investment approach to public service provision is now receiving considerable attention worldwide. By promoting data‐intensive assessments of baseline conditions and how government action can improve on them, the approach holds the potential to transform policy development, service implementation, and program evaluation. Recently, variations on the investment approach have been applied in Australia to explore the effectiveness of specific programs in employment training, criminal justice, and infrastructure development. This article reviews the investment approach, presents a Public Investment Checklist to guide such work, and discusses three examples. It concludes by considering the implications of investment thinking for the work of policy designers and public managers.     

Similarities and Differences in Victimization Risk Factors for Nonoffending and Offending Substance Users

In this cross-sectional study of substance users in Norway, the authors describe the patterns of victimization and investigate the factors associated with victimization, for nonoffenders and offenders separately. Recent victimization was reported by 59%, and the victimization rate was higher among offenders compared with nonoffenders (69% and 43%, p < .001). Women, regardless of offender status, experienced more victimization. Unstable housing was associated with victimization among nonoffenders, whereas markers for more severe substance use and indicators for poor mental health were associated with victimization in both groups. Addressing these factors may be important in reducing victimization and its negative outcomes among substance users.     

Deeper Commitment to Human Rights Treaties: Signaling and Investment Risk Perception

Why do some leaders make deeper commitments to human rights treaties (HRAs) by consenting to receive extra monitoring of complaints or communications from individual citizens? Extant theory suggests leaders join HRAs for tangible benefits. However, empirical support for this argument is mixed. To address this mismatch, we approach this question from a different angle. We argue that by ratifying HRAs, leaders send a signal that they are reliable partners who value future returns. Accepting optional articles and protocols that increase monitoring of the state’s human rights behavior, without changing the state’s substantive obligations, helps better signal that the regime does not fear instability nor sees the need to resort to the proscribed abuses in the future. This, in turn, serves as an important middle step to recognizing tangible benefits, such as foreign direct investment, by improving investors’ risk perception of ratified countries.     

Measuring Policy Success: Evaluating Public Sector Reform in Bhutan

There has been resurgence in evaluation of policy, reflected mostly by an increase in ex ante studies. Although there is a shift towards ex post evaluation, this has been gradual, resulting in a paucity of ex post evaluation literature. To address this gap, we apply a revisionist approach to evaluate a major public sector reform in the Bhutanese civil service. We conclude that it provides a more holistic approach for ex post evaluation policy, and also a more nuanced evaluation which moves us beyond the narrow binary view of success or failure in reform.     

Trading in development: norms and institutions in the making/unmaking of European Union–African,Caribbean and Pacific trade and development cooperation

This paper offers a contribution to recent debates on European Union (EU) external trade and development policy, with a specific focus on the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) group of countries. The question asked is why the EU encountered such difficulties in the attempt to translate its normative preferences for freer trade and closer economic integration into a series of binding agreements? Drawing on both economic constructivist and historical institutionalist insights, it is argued that the case for reform initially rested on a strong convergence between institutions and ideas, enabling the EU to discursively present desired policy reforms as necessary to satisfy World Trade Organisation trade rules. However, in due course, the institutional dynamics behind the latter began to diverge from the EU's policy preferences and blunt its norm-based argument – thus creating the space for transnational coalitions to, first, question and, ultimately, undermine aspects the EU's trade and development prospectus for the ACP.     

第四代管理中的质量管理

当今企业在激烈的市场竞争中,共同面临的一个问题是,如何更快、更好地发展（即不断追求卓越）。第四代管理为解决这一问题提供了思路,其核心要素有：质量、科学的方法和所有人的团队。本文重点讨论第一个要素一质量。首先介绍了第四代管理中关于质量管理的基本思想：质量是管理的第一要素;解决工作中的问题关键在于改进系统。介绍了第四代管理对顾客的理解,特别介绍了“顾客对质量的定义”的四个方面的内容。最后讨论了第四代管理的质量战略——以顾客为焦点。     

论国际人权法上个人申诉权及其行使条件

国际人权法上个人申诉不同于国内法上个人申诉的概念,一般用“个人来文”一词代替.国际人权法上个人申诉权的行使必须具备以下四个前提条件:其一是国际法上承认个人申诉权；其二是国际法上承认个人拥有程序行为能力；其三是个人权利在国际法上具有可诉性；其四是国家承认个人在国际法上的申诉权并接受国际个人申诉机制的管辖.     

论个人所得税法的“以人为本”

个人所得税是调节收入分配的重要工具，它在调节贫富差距、实现社会公平方面能起到很好的作用。但是，我国个人所得税制度的人性保护现状，使纳税人没有得到公平对待，从而影响了个人所得税的功能发挥。有必要加大对个人所得税的改革力度，以发挥其公平调节作用，使我国的个人所得税制度能够更好地促进社会公平，更好地体现“以人为本”。     

医疗卫生信息化法治建设研究

随着我国医疗卫生信息化的纵深发展,在临床管理信息系统和远程医疗的应用正逐渐成熟而趋于智能化进程的同时,网络安全隐患、信息外泄、违法谋利及违背医学伦理和医德等问题,不同程度地降低了患者满意度和信任度,有损于在广大就医者群体才树立起的我国现代高科技医疗信息化的整体形象。因此有必要加强卫生信息化的网络安全监控,重点研究和完善国家和地方相关的卫生信息化法治建设,依法有效防范远程会诊信息被非法读取的风险;依法遏制为本医药机构谋取不当利益而外泄的信息数据;依法取缔发布虚假、带有欺诈性的医疗电子网络信息、医学图像的广告等非法行为,从而使医疗卫生信息化系统工程的建设朝着更为完善、健康和高速的方向发展。