我国民法典：序编还是总则

民法典首编的立法例分序编、总则模式。序编模式源于法学阶梯式对逻辑工具在具体规范和制度上的不彻底运用 ,有松散混杂之弊。序编又可分为形式序编和实质序编。总则模式则是概念法学将概念抽象和逻辑演绎发挥到极致的产物。但二者在民法体系的建构上 ,都是运用数学原理和逻辑工具对民事实体规范进行“提取公因式”的必然产物或终极结果。在我国制定民法典时 ,有理由设立包含一般性条款和技术性规定的“小总则”编 ,传统总则中的法律行为、权利客体和诉讼时效等内容 ,在财产法中单独设总则予以规定。     

Cone‐beam Computed Tomography for Analyzing Variations in Inferior Alveolar Canal Location in Adults in Relation to Age and Sex*

Abstract: Previous studies have indicated that the relative position of the inferior alveolar canal and its mental and mandibular foramina in adults vary with age and show sexual dimorphism. Conceivably, these purported differences could be of forensic value for determining identity of human remains. This study was designed to determine the influence of age and sex on the relative position of inferior alveolar canal and its foramina in cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) studies of adults. Existing CBCT studies of the maxillofacial region from dentate adult patients selected at random and ranging in age from 18 to 80 years (110 women and 55 men) were acquired, and the location of the inferior alveolar canal was assessed at three points: the mandibular foramen in axial view, the inferior alveolar canal in coronal view, and the mental foramen in coronal view. Measurements were also expressed for the mental foramen as the percentile position from the nearest superior bony crest to the inferior border; corresponding position of the mandibular foramen from the anterior to the posterior border of the mandibular ramus; and for the inferior alveolar canal at the level of first permanent molar from the nearest buccal bony surface to the lingual surface and from the superior alveolar crest to the inferior border. Regression analyses were performed on the variables with regard to the effects of age and sex. Most analyses resulted in no statistical significance (p < 0.05). A few of the sex‐specific traits demonstrated near‐statistically significant effects; however, these characterizations generally resulted in a 1% or less change per age decade. Overall, the results demonstrated that the relative location of the inferior alveolar canal and associated foramina in adults remain fairly constant without regard to age and sex.     

论伪劣种子损害赔偿责任的性质及法律适用——兼同英美法比较

伪劣种子导致农作物减产或绝收,该损害赔偿责任的定性在理论和实务上有较大争议,国内外司法实践存在违约损害赔偿责任和侵权损害赔偿责任两种责任定性。英美法国家几乎都采用前一种定性方案,适用违约责任的救济规则。我国存在两种责任定性的立法和司法实践,适用合同救济规则还是侵权救济规则不甚明确。种子损害赔偿责任应定性为违约损害赔偿责任,适用违约救济的相关规则。     

让警察远离亚健康的困扰--论警察健康权益的维护和救济

由于过度劳累、工作环境恶劣、生活没有规律等原因,我国大部分警察处于亚健康状态.让警察远离亚健康的困扰,既是维持警察个体正常生命活动的需要,也是维护国家安全、社会稳定、人民生命财产安全的需要.对警察的健康权益进行维护和救济,必须在优化现有警力资源的同时逐年增加公安干警编制;必须提升民警素质、实现"数字公安",走科技强警之路;必须建立大练兵长效机制,增强民警的身体素质和业务技能,提高队伍的战斗力;必须采取各种措施从优待警.     

论涉众型伪劣商品犯罪案件的侦查与处置

涉众型伪劣商品犯罪案件频发,特别是涉众型伪劣食品、药品、农资产品犯罪案件频发,不仅严重破坏了我国的经济秩序,而且严重影响了我国社会的稳定,进而影响了和谐社会的构建。抓住这一热点和难点问题,界定涉众型伪劣商品犯罪案件的种类和概念,阐述该类案件的特点,并在此基础上探讨涉众型伪劣商品犯罪案件的侦查与处置对策。     

单纯性眶壁骨折法医学鉴定130例分析

目的 分析眶壁骨折的损伤特点,探讨眶壁骨折的法医学鉴定要点.方法 收集2010 2012年在某市公安局涉及单纯性眶壁骨折的130例案件进行回顾性分析,主要包括年龄、性别、致伤物、眶壁骨折的部位和形态、眶内及眶周的复合性损伤以及伤后6个月回访等. 结果 130例案例中,青壮年男性伤者比例较高,主要为拳头击打,单纯性眶内侧壁骨折的比例最高（81.5％）,眶内及眶周复合性损伤致眼睑挫伤（挫裂创）和筛窦（上颌窦）积血最为常见,6个月回访发现眶壁粉碎性骨折30例伤侧眼较健侧眼球略有凹陷. 结论 单纯性眶内侧壁骨折不宜评定轻伤,应待伤情稳定后再予以评定,全面详细的眼科检验是单纯性眶壁骨折鉴定的必要前提.     

CT测量在眶内壁骨折损伤程度鉴定中的应用

目的 利用CT测量眶内壁骨折案件中伤者眶容积扩大率及眶内壁骨质缺损面积,探讨两种CT测量值用于评估眶内壁骨折范围的可行性.方法 选取20例无眼眶骨折案件作为对照组,使用CT测量双侧眶容积,并比较两例是否存在差异.选取本院2018-2020年间受理的眶内壁骨折案件39例作为实验组,并根据鉴定意见分为轻伤组与轻微伤组.分别...     

生产销售伪劣商品罪的法经济分析及防治对策——以伪劣奶粉案为例

生产销售伪劣商品罪产生的内在动因是经济主体的自利性和市场经济的逐利性,外在诱因是市场秩序的失范和犯罪的可获利.防治生产销售伪劣商品罪并非是消灭该类犯罪,而是努力使该类犯罪降低到最低限度.措施主要有:提高刑罚效率,直接增加犯罪的刑罚成本;深化体制改革,建立健全各项规章制度,为合法正当的经济活动创造良好的制度环境和社会环境;打击腐败,消除地方保护主义;加紧研究并实现对经济犯罪的社会控制,对生产销售伪劣商品罪实行综合治理.     

What makes your “eyes” look different?

Facial morphology is the most distinguishable appearance and represents a promising subfield of Forensic DNA phenotyping. Located in the center of the face, eyes are important for facial recognition. In this study, epicanthal fold and palpebral fissure were selected for a preliminary genotype-phenotype analysis. Two SNPs were genotyped with SNaPshot method in 156 Chinese Han adults. A significant increased incidence of high ratio of palpebral fissure width to height was observed in the populations with AG genotype for SNP rs2074612 on gene HBEGF: AG versus GG, OR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.08–5.18, p <0.05; AG versus GG/AA, OR = 2.07, 95%CI = 1.03–4.16, p < 0.05. No significant genotype difference was detected between epicanthal fold positive/negative populations for both SNPs (p > 0.05). Further study including more samples should be conducted to discover SNPs associated with epicanthal fold and palpebral fissure traits.     

生产、销售伪劣商品犯罪若干问题研究

生产、销售伪劣商品罪的犯罪客体是国家对商品质量的管理秩序以及不特定的人的人身安全;犯罪对象是伪劣商品。行为方式只能是作为;犯罪形态有四种;销售金额既指实际销售出去的产品金额,亦包括尚未销售而可能销售出去的产品金额。罪过心理既可以是直接故意,也可以是间接故意。在某些情况下有既、未遂之分。应当注意本类罪的罪数问题。