中草药添加剂对断奶猪肠道菌群与生产性能的影响

用杜仲叶、山楂、黄芪等中草药研制猪用饲料添加剂 ,对 4 0日龄断奶仔猪进行饲喂试验 ,观察其对断奶仔猪肠道菌群和生产性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,服用中药的 3组试验猪肠道中的乳酸菌和双歧杆菌均比对照组明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,而大肠埃希氏菌和肠球菌指数以及腹泻发生率则明显降低 ;日增重分别比对照组提高了 9.2 0 %、5 .5 0 %和 13.32 % ;料肉比分别比对照组降低了 9.80 %、6 .6 4%和 15 .0 3%。结果显示 ,该中草药饲料添加剂常规粉剂和提取物制剂均能促进仔猪肠道中有益菌的增殖 ,提高猪的生产性能。     

海洛因地理来源研究进展

对海洛因地理来源的判断一直是世界各国较为关注的问题。本文主要从技术角度出发,结合作者与美国缉毒署(DEA)特殊样品检测和研究实验室(STRL)进行技术交流的情况,对最近30年世界各国对海洛因来源判断研究的分析方法和数据处理方法进行了综述和探讨。     

Drugs in motorists traveling Swedish roads: on-the-road-detection of intoxicated drivers and screening for drugs in these offenders

This paper deals with the police officer's or police doctor's ability to find drivers under the influence of drugs. We have also studied whether the protocol on the driver's previous histories of drug intake is useful for directing the chemist in his analytical approach to revealing intoxicants in the suspects' body fluids. A comprehensive procedure for screening traffic-hazardous drugs in the urine was found necessary and is described. By using this method, we have studied the incidence of drunken drivers with detectable medicinal or illicit agents. The results demonstrate that 91% of those drivers found by the officer or doctor of the police to be on intoxicants other than ethanol, carried some kind of traffic-hazardous drug in their body fluids, and that the doctor was a better judge than the police in identifying these offenders. By using a series of chemical methods for drug screening, we found that every third driver suspected of drunken driving due to ethanol, but not to other intoxicants, held some kind of a traffic-hazardous drug substance in his urine; benzodiazepines and cannabinoids were the most common findings. The data imply that 34% of these suspects revealed their intakes of traffic-dangerous intoxicants. We conclude that the judgements of both the officer and doctor of the police are needed for an efficacious detection of drivers under the influence of drugs. Moreover, the results infer that the chemist has to screen for intoxicants to reveal these in a suspect driver. We also conclude that drugs, particularly the benzodiazepines or cannabinoids, may be commonly encountered in drunken drivers, suspected of being inebriated by ethanol but no other toxicants.     

Political Journals in Germany

Germany in the 18th and 19th centuries possessed a wealth of monthly political journals. The period after the Second World War saw a renaissance of monthly journals, which offered orientation to a populace disoriented by National Socialism and war. Today there is a limited number of monthly political journals and their total circulation does not exceed 100,000. But their readership constitutes the small group of citizens who take an interest in politics and in political discourse. Their quantitative influence cannot be measured, their qualitative influence cannot be overestimated. The article focuses mainly on the magazines Neue Gesellschaft/Frankfurter Hefte and Die Politische Meinung. The former is supported by the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, the latter by the Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung.     

Can electronic monitoring reduce crime for moderate to high-risk offenders?

Electronic monitoring (EM) of offenders has been in use for just over two decades and motives for using it remain diverse. Some agencies that use EM attempt to deliver humane and affordable sanctions while others seek to relieve jail crowding or to avoid the construction of new jails. Nonetheless, all EM programs aim to suppress the criminal behavior of offenders being monitored and its advocates have always hoped EM could be instrumental in reducing long-term recidivism. This review investigates the history of EM and the extent to which EM empirically affects criminal behavior in moderate to high-risk populations. All available recidivism studies that included at least one comparison group between the first impact study in 1986 and 2002 were considered for the review. Although variants such as GPS tracking and continuous testing for alcohol in perspiration have recently emerged, no studies of these technologies were found that met the review’s inclusion criteria. Studies are examined and combined for meta-analysis where appropriate. Given its continued and widespread use and the dearth of reliable information about its effects, the authors conclude that applications of EM as a tool for reducing crime are not supported by existing data. Properly controlled experiments would be required to draw stronger conclusions about the effects of EM.     

“正当程序”作为行政程序司法审查标准的立法建议

《行政诉讼法》第54条规定,具体行政行为违反法定程序将导致撤销或部分撤销,并可以判决被告重新作出具体行政行为。《行政诉讼法》对行政程序的要求改变了"重实体、轻程序"的执法模式。把"法定程序"作为司法审查标准有很大局限性,本文建议将司法审查标准提升为"正当程序"标准。     

新中国成立以来党的四条总路线对我国经济社会发展的影响

党的基本路线是党和国家在一定历史时期为解决社会主要矛盾,实现其政治目标而制定的基本方针和政策,是制定和执行各项具体工作、路线和政策的依据。新中国以来我党先后制定了四条基本路线,对我国经济社会的发展产生了巨大的影响,通过研究,试图探寻其中的经验和教训。     

政党政治视角下的俄罗斯联邦共产党

俄共建立20年来,其发展受到俄罗斯政党政治演变的制约和重大影响。与此同时,俄共在俄罗斯政党政治的发展过程中扮演了极其重要的角色,尤其是1993年恢复重建以来,俄共的存在促进了俄罗斯政党政治的规范和完善,对俄罗斯政党政治的发展起着特殊的作用。但是俄共在参加政党政治的问题上仍然存在诸多的难题。俄共的发展应当引起整个俄罗斯社会的关注,而俄共自身更应痛定思痛,通过改革重新走向复兴之路。     

我国公务员周边绩效的影响因素及其提升对策研究

周边绩效是近年绩效评估研究的重点和热点,绩效影响因素的分析是建立绩效评估指标的基础,也是建立整个评估机制的重要根据。本文通过研究我国公务员周边行为和周边绩效的特点及其内外部影响因素,深化了公务员这一群体的周边绩效理论,明确了我国公务员周边绩效的影响因素,提出了提高我国公务员周边绩效的建议,可使周边绩效在我国公务员的绩效管理中得到合理关注,发挥其应有的价值和作用。     

我国行政复议制度创新:比较与展望

为了有效应对多发多样的行政争议,世界上多数国家纷纷创设并不断完善行政复议制度以分担传统上由司法机关承担的纠纷化解职责。创新是行政复议制度的天然属性,也是其存在的常态。我国统一的行政复议制度确立时间不长,作用发挥积极但还不够充分,面临着体制机制等现实创新需求。这种创新,需要审慎把握理想与现实之间的平衡,其探索方向在于,以行政复议委员会为载体,以规范性和因应性为基点,以权威性、专业性和公信力为价值取向,努力构建中国特色与域外成功经验为一体的行政复议制度。