行政立法非正式听证研究

行政立法正式听证与非正式听证的实质性区别在于行政立法主体受听证笔录拘束的程度。基于行政立法自身的特点,行政立法应当更多地采用非正式听证。任何行政程序都需要有具体程序制度的支持,因此,应当建立支持行政立法非正式听证的各项具体制度,包括公告制度、评议制度、相对案卷排他制度和效力制度等等。     

DIRECTLY INTERVENE OR CALL THE AUTHORITIES? A STUDY OF FORMS OF NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL CONTROL WITHIN A SOCIAL DISORGANIZATION FRAMEWORK*

Informal social control is a central concept in the contemporary social disorganization literature, and much attention has been directed at examining community characteristics related to variation in the quantity of informal social control across communities. However, considerably less attention has been paid to variation in forms of informal social control. This study examines the extent to which neighborhood characteristics are related to residents’likelihood of using two different forms of informal social control: direct informal social control (i.e., through direct intervention) and indirect informal social control (i.e., through mobilizing formal authorities). Data for this study are based on surveys of residents in 66 neighborhoods. The analysis uses hierarchical modeling to examine whether neighborhood characteristics central to contemporary social disorganization theory have similar effects on these two forms of neighborhood social control. Findings indicate that social ties increase the likelihood of direct informal social control but not indirect informal social control, whereas social cohesion and trust decreases indirect informal social control but does not have a significant effect on direct informal social control. Faith in the police is not found to affect either form of informal social control. These findings are discussed in terms of current issues in contemporary social disorganization theory.     

权责制之价值与在我国的实行

事后问责是我国行政改革的进步,但在实施中存在着许多问题。同单纯事后问责相比,权责制更能体现行政改革的宗旨、目的和价值追求,能够推动我国行政体制改革健康发展。在完善问责制的基础上,应在我国逐步实施权责制。     

LONG‐TERM TRENDS IN CRIMES OF VIOLENCE (COMMENT ON COONEY, 2003)*

Empirical and theoretical issues posed by Mark Cooney's (2003) analysis of long‐term trends in crimes of violence are discussed.     

Hybrid regimes and the challenges of deepening and sustaining democracy in developing countries1

South Africa's history of political domination during apartheid and the tendency of its companies to dominate business development on the continent may undermine the country's aim of being an African powerhouse due to resentment in other African countries. The article argues that South Africa's global ambitions can only be achieved if it is a leader on its own continent.     

公安辅警队伍正规化建设实证研究——基于人际关系的理论

非正式组织管理是人本管理的重要内容结合行政管理学的理论,提出公安辅警队伍非正式组织研究的六个假设;通过问卷调查,对回收数据进行可靠性分析、描述性统计分析、单因素方差分析,并验证假设.在中国文化背景下,辅警是出于情感需求、共同的价值观、人际环境需要而形成的非正式组织,但非正式组织也具有一定的负面影响.基于统计分析结果提出公安辅警队伍正规化建设建议.     

Environmental Enforcement Undertakings and Possible Implications: Responsive,Smarter or Rent Seeking?

Enforcement undertakings have recently been added to the Environment Agency's list of mechanisms available for the enforcement of certain environmental offences. An enforcement undertaking is a written agreement between the regulator and the offender in which the offender proposes to undertake particular actions in relation to the relevant non‐compliant activity. This article examines the use of enforcement undertakings by the Environment Agency, arguing that the undertakings have significant regulatory implications and give rise to a series of possible problems. Notwithstanding this, the article concludes that enforcement undertakings possess a number of potentially positive features, making them a useful alternative to existing enforcement mechanisms.     

论式：法律逻辑研究的新方向

当我们将审视焦点从法律三段论的外貌转向其内在要素——事实前提和法律前提,并进一步寻找这些前提的支撑基础时,一个全新的法律论证结构暴露出来：若干可能的或合情理的论证（合情论证、论证型式、论式推理）支持两个前提,使得我们有理由假定到目前为止对两个前提没道理怀疑。然而,亚里士多德于分析性推理理论之外开创的并在中世纪传统中广泛应用的论式理论系统,被现代逻辑理论和法律逻辑理论遗忘了。幸运的是,上世纪50年代以来,敏锐的逻辑学者和法律学者,分别在法律领域和逻辑领域复兴了论式理论。当代关于论式的界定、功能、结构、分类、评估、经验基础和文化特异性的研究已在多个学科展开,初步形成了论式理论的基本框架。一种周全、可应用的法律逻辑有必要整合法学＂论题学＂和论式的逻辑理论,以丰富法律逻辑的内容与方法。     

Neo-Kantianism and Coercive Diplomacy: The Complex Case of Economic Sanctions

Although voluminous research connects the neo-Kantian triad—democracy, economic interdependence, and intergovernmental organization membership—to amelioration of conflict processes, comparatively little is known about how these factors relate to economic coercion. We advance the relevant literature on neo-Kantianism and the determinants of sanction decisions by (1) analyzing the impact of all three neo-Kantian factors on economic coercion and (2) assessing the effects of these factors across both the onset of threat and imposition of sanctions. Results from the time-series, cross-national data analyses indicate a significant but complex connection between the neo-Kantian variables and sanctions. Specifically, we find that although democratic regimes are less likely to threaten each other with sanctions, once a threat is made, democracies are more likely to impose sanctions against each other. Economic interdependence and common IGO membership are likely to increase the probability of sanction threats. Yet, the results also suggest that common IGO membership decreases the probability of sanction imposition while economic interdependence has no statistically significant effect on the decision to impose sanctions. Overall, these results highlight the importance of a more nuanced study of sanction decisions for a better understanding of the factors that lead to sanction use.     

论国际经济制裁对海上保险的影响——以伊朗制裁为例

国际经济制裁是国际社会为实现特定的政治目的而针对特定对象施加的直接或间接限制或禁止其经济活动、资产利益的强制措施.联合国、欧盟、美国均对伊朗实施了经济制裁,涉及贸易、航运领域,相关制裁规则的制定及执行在理论和实践层面对海上保险的提供、理赔等环节均产生了诸多障碍.中国也不可避免地受到了国际经济制裁的影响,欲维持国家能源和经济安全,中国可在制裁规则的框架内或突破制裁规则予以应对.