论制裁在法律概念中的地位演变

我国现行制裁理念重强制，忽视认同，容易引起社会对立，也不利于法律的执行。奥斯丁和凯尔森主张法律的强制性，哈特却主张把制裁排除在法律概念之外，否定法律的强制性，强调法律的认同性。法律制裁则经历了作为法律概念重要组成部分到被排除法律概念之外的演变过程，这个演变过程体现了人们对制裁在法律概念中地位的深化认识。文章认为强制与认同都是法律概念的两个基本要素，吸纳认同性将促进我国法律制裁理念的更新。     

非正式规则与法治:“中国难题”的挑战

主流观点认为,中国法治建设的最大动力和最大希望都来自对经济发展的追求,但是“中国难题”对此提出了挑战,其对非正式规则在中国经济发展中的正面意义的肯定,切断了法治发展的“社会基础论”的逻辑链条.非正式规则的流行及国家层面上的附和不仅弱化了自下而上推动法治变革的意愿,也同样阻碍了法治在“顶层设计”的突破.非正式规则虽然在一定时期内能够承担推动经济发展的功能,但是却可能造成多种法治缺陷,甚至可能使正式制度长期受到压抑,无法突破僵局.     

Formal and informal governance networks: Diabetes care in Australia and India

The concept of networks has gained interest in public administration and management. They address concerns such as the coordination of multiple actors within the policy process. Networks take both formal and informal forms. As the integration of formal and informal networks in public service delivery is gaining traction, this paper uses the example of diabetes care in Australia and India to provide an analytical framework to examine one of the ways such integration of networks take place. Diabetes, a chronic long‐term disease, poses to be a global problem with a high rate of diagnosis with implications for public health expenditure. A multi‐disciplinary team, which comprises both formal and informal categories, is required to manage diabetes. This paper highlights the integration of networks in diabetes care in different institutional and cultural settings. For such form of integration of networks to work, collaboration among the various actors is important. Lessons learnt from diabetes care will be relevant for other long‐term chronic conditions to help reduce the human resource and financial burden. The analytical framework developed based on the example of diabetes care will provide useful lessons for examining the mechanics and dynamics of the integration between formal and informal networks in the field of public administration and management.     

论行政决策听证代表的遴选——基于商谈理论的视角

行政决策听证的本质,是以民主程序事先防范公共利益被侵害,以限制行政决策权的恣意。不脱离利益语境的对特定观点的表述和论证能力,以及在理性论辩中的论证和反思能力,共同体现出对决策听证代表资质的要求。优化听证代表遴选方式的基本途径是:将遴选过程架设到非正式公共领域中,为遴选方式的形式合理性注入实质合理性因素。     

法国对逃税的刑事制裁及其对我国相关立法的启示

法国与中国的税收制度和法律体系大相径庭。法国《税务总法》中不仅规定了逃税犯罪及其刑事制裁,还规定了税收违法行为及其行政制裁。法国实体法中规定的逃税罪的犯罪构成、概念界定、刑法制裁等方面都有我国逃税罪立法值得借鉴的地方。法国税收制度在立法与司法中遇到的问题也值得我国反思。     

Misperceived Neighborhood Values and Informal Social Control

Social disorganization theory explains the effects of neighborhood structure and culture on crime and delinquency. Within this perspective, the role of neighborhood informal social control is argued to be an important protective factor against many social problems. While a growing body of research supports the importance of informal social control, we still have limited understanding of its development. Of the research that does exist in this area, most examines structural processes supporting informal social control, while cultural aspects of communities have only rarely been examined. We further develop this limited body of research by drawing on the prevention literature that focuses on social norms and their misperceptions. Specifically, this study examines the role of pluralistic ignorance regarding neighborhood values on the likelihood of informal social control. The results are discussed in relation to social norms theory and their relevance for crime‐prevention strategies.     

Exercising Options: An Assessment of the Use of Alternative Sanctions for Drug Offenders

In this paper, we explore a relatively unexamined area of sentencing—the use of alternative sanctions. While researchers have discussed the potential uses and misuses of alternative sanctions, few have focused on who receives them and why. We argue that, while alternative sanctions have the potential to be useful tools, they also open “windows of discretion” that may disadvantage certain groups. We use quantitative and qualitative data from Washington State to explore how alternative sanctions are applied in cases involving felony drug offenders. The results of quantitative analyses are largely consistent with current theories of sentencing in that court officials rely heavily on indicators of danger and blameworthiness in determining when to apply alternative sanctions. Qualitative analyses, however, suggest that decisions about alternative sanctions are complex, and that court officials’ beliefs about the fairness and efficacy of sentencing options influence the extent to which they will use available alternatives. Implications for criminal justice theory, public policy, and future research are discussed.     

我国公共部门内部非正式机制运作分析

我国公共组织的内部运作受到正式权威制度与非正式制度双重力量驱动。其中非正式制度因官僚制非人格化在我国公共部门的反向表现、伦理中轴的政治文化、伦理结构构成的特殊的组织文化而使公共部门在伦理结构中运作。同时,公共部门在派系结构中运作,派系结构影响公共部门内的资源分配,形成实质上的利益结构,侵蚀了正式结构,并且派系结构随组织环境的变化不断再生产出来。     

经济制裁的政治经济目的及其评价

文章阐述了经济制裁的定义 ,着力探讨以经济和政治利益为主要目标的经济制裁政策 ,及美国对欧盟、古巴的经济制裁、国际社会对南非种族隔离政权的经济制裁、西方国家对津巴布韦的经济制裁等进行了典型剖析 ,并从效果和意义的角度对经济制裁进行了总结和评价。     

互联网普及程度对非正规就业的影响分析

研究基于 2002-2016 年的全国省级面板数据,使用固定效应模型检验了互联网普及程度对非正 规就业的影响,发现互联网普及程度对非正规就业比例有显著的负向影响,互联网的普及提高了社会整体的就 业质量。进一步使用滞后一期互联网普及程度作为工具变量,两阶归结果表明上述结论仍然成立。此外,为了 排除《劳动合同法》对研究结论的影响,本研究使用《劳动合同法》实施以前的样本进行检验,发现互联网普 及程度对非正规就业比例的负向影响仍然显著。