Considerations on the Cyber Domain as the New Worldwide Battlefield

The convergence of telecommunication and computer technologies that has evolved in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT) in the last two decades has had very important effects on new war technologies and the ongoing process of battlefield digitisation. The Stuxnet worm, uncovered in 2010 and responsible for the sabotaging of a uranium enrichment infrastructure in Iran, is a clear example of a digital weapon. The incident shows what is meant by cyber war and what the particular features of this new warfare dimension are compared to the conventional domains of land, sea, air and space, with relevance both at the operational and strategic levels. But cyberspace also extends to the semantic level, within the complimentary field of information warfare involving the content of messages flowing through the Internet for the purposes of propaganda, information, disinformation, consensus building, etc. The overall cyber warfare domain needs to be put into perspective internationally as many countries are developing strong cyber capabilities and an ‘arms race’ is already taking place, showing that these technologies can potentially be used to undermine international stability and security. What is needed is a public debate on the topic and its impact on global stability, and some kind of regulation or international agreement on this new warfare domain, including an approach involving confidence building measures (CBMs).     

Developing Knowledge States: Technology and the Enhancement of National Statistical Capacity

National statistical systems are enterprises tasked with collecting, validating, and reporting societal attributes. These data serve many purposes—they allow governments to improve services, economic actors to traverse markets, and academics to assess social theories. National statistical systems vary in quality, especially in developing countries. This study examines determinants of national statistical capacity in developing countries, focusing on the impact of technological attainment. Just as technological progress helps to explain differences in economic growth, we argue that states with greater technological attainment have greater capacity for gathering and processing quality data. Analysis using panel methods shows a strong, statistically significant positive linear relationship between technological attainment and national statistical capacity.     

Class,Politics and the Progressive Dilemma

This article considers contemporary class inequalities and how they might shape a progressive politics in the UK. Drawing on findings from the BBC Class Survey, it outlines changes in the class structure, class mobility and class identities. It is argued that the class structure is increasingly polarised and fragmented, with a wealthy elite, a vulnerable precariat and fragmented middle and working classes in between. Declining upward social mobility is a source of anxiety for middle‐class and working‐class parents alike. Class identification, especially working‐class identification, has weakened over time, although class snobbery is far from dead. Class has changed and the class basis of politics is changing now too. A progressive politics is possible if the political parties of the centre‐left appeal to the majority of the electorate rather than one class, acknowledge common concerns and worries and appeal to shared hopes and dreams that straddle class boundaries.     

Group Structure and Intergroup Relations in Global Terror Networks: Further Explorations

Studies have begun to look at the potentially crucial impacts of group decentralization and inter-group global networking in accounting for the extent and severity of violence in insurgencies and terrorism. Groups may be able to survive more effectively, evade anti-terror or counter-insurgency strategies, and inflict greater damage or more civilian attacks by operating under more or less centralized leadership, or by making use of the resources of other like-minded groups scattered across borders. While some analysts have examined each of these possibilities, few if any have done so simultaneously with both structural and networking indicators or examined the joint effects of these indicators. We propose to do so in this study by combining existing datasets on terrorist structure and networks. Hypotheses and findings in prior studies have indicated that structural decentralization may lead to more civilian attacks if not more destruction since local cells are freer to act on their own, and that group size and centrality in the global terror networks lead to greater lethality and group survival rates. We re-examine such assumptions here with OLS and logit models combining these effects, and find that in addition to group size, network reach (eigenvalue centrality) rather than group interconnections per se (number of allies) appears to have primary impacts on group lethality, targeting, and survival, sometimes in conjunction with decentralized organizational structure.     

论现代信息技术环境下图书馆的资源建设与服务工作

随着科学技术的发展,图书馆正面临着前所未有的机遇和挑战。自20世纪90年代以来国内外图书馆迅猛发展,我院图书馆亦如此。但存在数字化文献资源缺乏、参考咨询服务不够深入等问题。必须在服务观念、服务方式上有所创新。     

当代国际贸易发展的特点探析

当代国际贸易的发展呈现出以下特点和趋势：贸易商品结构上日趋高级化;贸易格局上全球化与集团化并存;绿色浪潮赋予国际贸易新的涵义,绿色贸易大行其道;贸易手段上,网络贸易将成为主导性贸易方式;贸易政策上,管理贸易盛行;技术壁垒成为贸易保护主义的新策略。     

山羊痘病毒古浪株P32毒力蛋白的结构模拟与分析

以山羊痘病毒(GPV)古浪(Gulang)株的DNA为模板,采用PCR扩增目的基因p32,应用TM-pred软件预测其跨膜结构区域,通过Threading方法建立GPVGulang株P32蛋白的3D结构,并综合亲水性、可塑性、抗原指数以及表面可能性等参数预测其B细胞抗原表位。结果表明,p32在核苷酸水平上非常保守,19株GPVp32基因的整体变异率为0.22%。GPVGulang株P32结构蛋白的三维空间结构有不同的结构区域,共由14个α-螺旋、5个β折叠、35个转角和若干无规则卷曲构成。P32蛋白呈现较规则的空间构象,其中羧基末端第286～306位氨基酸区段为跨膜区域,11～19、21、47、66、123、154、155、183、185、225、230～232、235、238、239这些氨基酸在空间上共同形成的区域极有可能是抗原表位区域。     

个人健康医疗信息和隐私权保护

Personal health care and medical treatment information are both personal information which can be used as a sign to identify each individual. Such information shall be under the control of the owner. The comprehensiveness of personal health care and medical treatment information makes it more valuable than the simplex personal information. The controlling right of personal health care and medical treatment information is irretrievable once deprived. The rights of controlling, managing and using regarding personal health care and medical treatment information can be separated appropriately. The right of privacy is an independent personality right. For the protection of public interests, the right of personal privacy shall be appropriately limited. Meanwhile, the government shall be responsible for the protection of personal health care and medical treatment information. Tang Xiaotian is a professor and supervisor in charge of the development and planning division of Shanghai University of Political Science and Law, and deputy General Secretary-in-chief of the Society of Law of Shanghai, whose main studies is focused on victim science, criminal law and criminology. Till now, he has 8 monographs and over 90 articles published in academic journals.     

国际体系结构与国家行为:一个博弈理论模型

国际体系结构特征对国家间利益分配和国家行为存在重要影响。在单极世界中,参与国的参与剩余将作为垄断租金转移给国家极;两极体系将导致利益反向再分配,即国家极的主导者剩余将作为租金转移给其他参与国家;意识形态冲突、文明冲突和经济地理邻近构成了国际政治交易成本的主要来源,它们决定了国家间政治结盟的基本分布特征。"中心—边缘"命题中存在的边缘地区发展陷阱以及战后日本发展等理论和现实问题,都可以用不同国际体系结构下的国家间博弈进行解释。     

网络视野下的恐怖主义及应对

凭借现代通信技术的发展,恐怖主义以网络化的组织形式将其极端活动秘密推向世界各地。本研究旨在针对国际恐怖主义的发展特点,以网络的视角观察和分析恐怖组织结构的变化,描述国际恐怖主义网络化特点,评估网络化恐怖主义带来的威胁及挑战,并从中探讨反恐的新思路和打击策略。