腐败的发生病理与矫治法理——腐败征候群视域下的比较与启示

腐败征侯群理论以“参与”和“制度”为观照轴心,从国际视野比较研究四种腐败类型的发生病理和矫治法理,有助于我们客观理性地看待和治理我国的腐败问题.面对我国的腐败丛生现象,唯有准确诊断腐败的发生病理,并在法治框架下迈向深度民主化、强化制度反腐价值、讲究反腐策略选择、加强反腐法理研究,才是当下急需端正的反腐理念和有效践行的治腐策略.     

Identification and Comparison of Electrical Tapes Using Instrumental and Statistical Techniques: II. Organic Composition of the Tape Backing and Adhesive*

Abstract: The microtexture and elemental composition of the backing of electrical tapes have been shown to be highly discriminating. In this study, the organic composition of electrical tape was evaluated as a complementary means of distinguishing tape brands. The backing and adhesive of 72 rolls of electrical tape were analyzed via Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR FTIR) and discriminant analysis was used to classify all samples by brand. Generally, the accuracy for FTIR data (88–99%) was higher than that for elemental data (86–94%). FTIR spectra from the adhesive layer were the most discriminating. In separate studies, two fragments of blast-damaged tape were correctly assigned to their brand of origin and discriminant analysis was used to quantitatively associate or exclude tape samples from two bombing cases.     

急性心功能障碍大鼠心肌中BNP的表达

目的研究大鼠急性心功能障碍时心肌组织中脑钠肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)的表达变化,探讨BNP在急性心功能障碍的法医学诊断中的应用价值。方法建立大鼠急性心功能障碍模型,运用免疫组织化学、Western印迹法、实时RT-PCR等技术检测心功能障碍过程中心肌组织BNP蛋白和BNP mRNA的表达变化。结果随心功能障碍持续时间增加,免疫阳性着色不断增强。1～2h主要表现为弱阳性,4～6h心肌细胞主要表现为阳性,10～12h大鼠心肌细胞表现为强阳性。Western印迹法和实时RT-PCR结果均显示,随心功能障碍持续时间增加,BNP明显升高,而且心功能障碍1h即能观察到BNP mRNA显著升高。结论检测心肌组织中BNP蛋白及BNP mRNA的表达能为法医病理学工作者客观评价心功能状态提供一种新的途径。     

Canguilhem and the problem of pathology

This article examines continuities and change in Cangilhem's thought with particular reference to the status of biology and sociology and to the theme of intellectual and social progress. It is suggested that one of the central issues of Cangilhem's writings is an attempt to work through the problems raised by the programme of Comtean positivism. The fact that Canguilhem's reflections were not completely unambigous is dusscussed through an examination of those parts his work which deal directly or indirectly with pathology.     

基于MSCT和Mimics软件构建人体颅骨三维有限元模型

目的 建立人体颅骨的有限元三维模型,探索人体颅骨有限元模型在生物力学分析中的价值.方法 用MSCT对尸体头部扫描后.使用Mimics建模软件对CT二维图像进行三维重建,并对原始三维颅骨模型优化,然后对模型进行面网格和体网格划分,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件验证颅骨被物体打击和颅骨撞击地面的不同应力变化.结果 原始三维颅...     

脑钠尿肽作为心功能评价指标在法医学上的应用价值

脑钠尿肽(brain natriuretic peptide,BNP)是临床上广泛应用反映心功能的主要指标,近来研究表明,脑钠尿肽对法医病理学心功能障碍导致的心源性猝死的认定也有帮助.本文就脑钠尿肽的结构、分子生物学特征以及在临床和实验研究中的进展加以综述,探讨其作为功能学指标在法医学方面的应用价值,认为运用免疫组织化...     

水中尸体肺组织硅藻检验与死因分析

目的 探讨肺组织中硅藻对于判断水中尸体死亡原因的应用价值.方法 收集水中尸体407例,对死亡原因、案件性质、组织器官中硅藻检验结果进行分析.取45只兔按照生前、死后入水及不同季节入水等随机分为9组,应用硝酸消化法处理检材,检测肺组织中硅藻含量.结果 407例水中尸体,硅藻检验阳性372例,其中意外死亡和自杀351例,他...     

TV tip-over morbidity and mortality in children

Twenty-eight non-fatal cases of TV related injuries were noted in San Diego in the 2 years prior to September 2008. We reviewed the scene, witness reports, past history, and autopsy findings from three fatal cases and distinguished them from abusive head trauma. The recent literature was also reviewed. Our fatal cases resulted from TVs falling on small children and causing severe head injury. The literature review showed increasing injuries and deaths relating to TV tip-over, TV stands and dressers. Most of the fatalities were head injuries in small children. The reporting methods may not be complete or accurate. Some authors in the literature review suggested preventive measures so as to decrease these injuries. Forensic scientists should become familiar with these injuries and measures so that they may communicate effectively with their communities.     

16例肺血栓栓塞猝死的法医学分析和临床研究

目的分析肺动脉血栓栓塞（pulmonary thromboembolism,PTE）猝死的法医病理学特点,探讨医疗过程中发生PTE的危险因素,为临床预防、治疗提供帮助。方法对本市2002年至2009年16例PTE猝死案件进行回顾性分析。结果每例均至少存在1项已知的高危因素,其中外伤12例,慢性疾病长期卧床1例,手术3例;发病到死亡的时间平均为1.2h,6例≤1h,3例≤12h。结论对于高龄（≥40岁）外伤或手术患者,预防、早期诊断和治疗PTE对于患者的生命至关重要,发现深静脉血栓形成者应采取紧急手段处理栓塞,谨防发生PTE致猝死。     

Rapid presumptive "fingerprinting" of body fluids and materials by ATR FT-IR spectroscopy

Human body fluids and materials were evaluated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Purified proteins, cosmetics, and foodstuffs were also assayed with the method. The results of this study show that the sampled fluids and materials vary in the fingerprint region and locations of the amide I peaks because of the secondary structure of the composite proteins although the C = O stretch is always present. The distinct 1016 cm(-1) peak serves as a signature for semen. The lipid-containing materials (e.g., fingerprints, earwax, tears, and skin) can also be easily separated from the aqueous materials because of the strong CH(3) asymmetric stretch of the former. Blood-saliva and blood-urine mixtures were also successfully differentiated using combinations of peaks. Crime scene investigators employing rapid, portable, or handheld infrared spectroscopic instruments may be able to reduce their need for invasive, destructive, and consumptive presumptive test reagents in evaluating trace evidence.