Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) detection limits for blood on fabric: Orientation and coating uniformity effects

Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to analyze four types of forensically relevant fabrics coated with varying dilutions of blood. The blood was applied in two manners, dip coating with a smooth and uniform layer and drip coating with droplets from pipettes. Spectra of neat and dip coated fabrics were acquired using controlled orientations, and these were compared to spectra collected on samples with random orientations. The improved reproducibility seen in visual inspection of the spectra is confirmed by principal component and linear discriminant projections of the spectra, as well as by statistical hypothesis testing. Principal component regression (PCR), using the regions of the IR spectra associated with the amide A/B, I, II, and III vibrational bands (3500–2800, 1650, 1540, and 1350 cm⁻¹), was employed on the more uniform dip coated spectra to estimate limits of detection for blood on two of the four fabrics – acrylic and nylon. These results demonstrate that detection limits for blood on fabrics can be decreased significantly by controlling for the orientation and face of the fabric samples while collecting spectra. Limits of detection for acrylic and nylon were found to be 196 × and 227 × diluted blood, respectively.     

Analysis on the Human Resource Management in Chinese Agricultural Sector： Case Study From State-Owned Farms in Heilon~iang Province

The aim of this paper is to understand and clarify the strategies, characteristics, and practices of human resource management （HRM） in Chinese agricultural sector from the case study of state-owned farms in Heilongjiang Province. First of all, the technical efficiency of state-owned farms is analyzed using Data Envelopment Analysis （DEA）. Secondly, the characteristics of HRM in three farms are analyzed through person to person interview of managers in farms. Thirdly, questionnaire survey to the employees in two farms for their job satisfaction is analyzed for understanding the effect of HRM. Following results are obtained based on the empirical analysis. Firstly, by introducing new strategy so-called ＂Baiqianwan Talents Project＂ （BTP）, more attentions to the importance of human resources and cultivating managers have started to be paid in state-owned farms. Secondly, the importance of material HRM and the promotion opportunity as well as learning opportunity are recognized through questionnaire survey to the employees of farms. Thirdly, different corporate culture in each farm such as ＂learn by doing＂, ＂harmonization＂, and ＂development＂ is attempted to be established through trial and error.     

Adaptability of Kuwaiti Public Administration Employees to Total Quality Management Requirements

This exploratory study examines the infrastructure of total quality management （TQM） in Kuwaiti public administration. The research was based on a questionnaire administered to a random sample consisted of 600 government officials from various Kuwaiti ministries. The basic elements of TQM which were investigated relate to work relations, administrative procedures, and professionalism. The objective of the study is to improve quality of public services through diagnosing and strengthening positive points, shedding light on the negative aspects, and giving recommendations on how to enhance services＇ quality. The study results showed that public administration employees are highly adaptable to TQM requirements. Statistically significant variations were found in adaptability to TQM requirements due to gender, age, educational level, job level, and work relations with regard to many aspects. It is recommended that decision makers in Kuwaiti public administrators take some measures to enhance TQM orientation such as simplifying administrative procedures, making greater compatibility between employees and type of work, investing more resources on continuing education of public administration employees and conducting field studies concerning adaptability of other government bodies （public institutions, public companies, etc.） to TQM requirements to see similarities and differences between them and the ministries in this regard and draw appropriate lessons.     

Determinants of FDI Into Turkey： A Componentwise Analysis

For two decades, the questions of what really motivates foreign investors to invest in a certain country remain unanswered and a controversial issue. Moreover, previous studies have overwhelmingly treated FDI （foreign direct investment） as unidimensional rather than multidimensional. In reality, FDI is rather multidimensional in that it is composed of components （equity capital, reinvested earnings, and other capital）, each with its intrinsic characteristics in response to the same economic fundamentals, such as growth, institutional quality, exchange rate, taxes, market size, skill abundance, etc. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to seek the major determinants of the total FDI inflows in Turkey by treating total FDI as multidimensional to avoid a distorted empirical prediction concerning the total FDI, which is greatly neglected in the FDI literature. Accordingly, the author employed the panel corrected standard error （PCSE） model for annual data between 2003 and 2012, he found that FDIs are responsive to the country risk （CR） indices of both Turkey and EU （European Union） and to the tax measures of 2006.     

我国女性服刑人员MMPI测试结果分析

本研究采用明尼苏达多相人格量表(MMPI)对我国女性服刑人员进行测试,结果发现在押女性服刑人员人格与正常人人格没有显著差异;采用美国常模和中国常模的总体趋势是一致的,从现有的数据来看,美国常模对于区分高低分特征更具有现实意义;典型案例中的犯罪人员人格特征缺少普遍性,不能代表犯罪人群的总体。     

红外光谱结合化学计量学方法在激光打印原装黑色墨粉分析中的应用研究

目的 采用红外光谱比较分析不同原装黑色墨粉（31个样本）的差异,探讨化学计量学方法在墨粉种类识别中的适用性.方法 对打印样本纸张上的黑色墨粉进行烫熨提取后直接分析检测.IR分析条件：显微红外光谱仪,常温透射模式,扫描范围为4 000～400 cm-1,分辨率为16cm-1,累计扫描次数为64次.结果 墨粉树脂主要为聚苯乙烯/甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚对苯二甲酸/环氧树脂.采用主成分析（Principal Component Analysis,PCA）与系统聚类法（Hierarchical Cluster Analysis,HCA）对不同种类墨粉进行聚类分析与建模预报.基于前两主成分得分值（53.3％）不同树脂成分的墨粉样本聚类效果明显,同时在第三个主成分方向上黑白与彩色激光墨粉样本获得良好区分.结论 红外光谱法结合化学计量学方法用于不同种类树脂及打印类型原装黑色墨粉的聚类分析与建模预报方法可行,结果准确可靠.     

扫描电镜/X射线能谱仪检验电流斑规范化方法探讨

目的探讨电流斑皮肤金属化的机理、检材提取处理和扫描电镜/能谱仪检验规范化方法,对检验结果进行分析和价值判断。方法用扫描电镜/能谱检验,采用低倍大窗口覆盖损伤区域采集平均元素能谱图,并在可能的金属元素富集区域寻找球形金属颗粒。结果扫描电镜下可观察到散在的孔穴、细胞碎屑、龟裂、裂隙等特征,有些电流斑可检出金属元素,其中部分电流斑可发现球形金属颗粒。结论采用规范化的检材提取、处理和检验方法可消除随意性方法造成错检的可能。电流斑皮肤上异常含量的金属附着可支持病理检验符合电流斑表现的结论,同时也为电击导体的推断和金属元素成分比对提供依据。球形金属颗粒的发现揭示存在电弧高温的可能性极大,可强力支持病理检验符合电流斑表现的结论。     

一氧化碳中毒致死之案例研究

通过两例一氧化碳中毒致死特殊案例的分析,探讨一氧化碳中毒原因,中毒机理,中毒致死量。案例分析表明,只有通过详细认真的现场勘查,专业性的尸体检验及检材采取,科学的富有逻辑性的案件分析论断,才能准确为案件定性,解答死者家属疑问,以避免冤案错案的产生。     

基于红外光谱无损区分可擦中性笔墨水色痕的研究

可擦中性笔墨水色痕形成文件的检验是目前法庭经常遇到的问题,建立一种简便、灵敏、快速、定性准确的区分可擦中性笔墨水色痕种类的方法是当前公安实战部门所需要的。研究中利用红外显微镜,采用单点模直接采集可擦中性笔墨水色痕的红外光谱。实验结果表明,根据样品红外吸收光表征的红外吸收峰的位置、数目、强度及形状可将不同品牌的可擦中性笔墨水色痕区分开来。