数码红外摄影在刑事技术中的应用

红外线照相在刑事技术中的应用非常广泛,但传统的红外线照相不易普及推广,用普通带有红外线摄影功能的数码相机进行红外线照相不但方便而且成本小,很适合公安基层单位应用。     

Rapid Localization of Bone Fragments on Surfaces using Back‐Projection and Hyperspectral Imaging

Manual localization of bone fragments on the ground or on complex surfaces in relation to accidents or criminal activity may be time‐consuming and challenging. It is here investigated whether combining a near‐infrared hyperspectral camera and chemometric modeling with false color back‐projection can be used for rapid localization of bone fragments. The approach is noninvasive and highlights the spatial distribution of various compounds/properties to facilitate manual inspection of surfaces. Discriminant partial least squares regression is used to classify between bone and nonbone spectra from the hyperspectral camera. A predictive model (>95% prediction ability) is constructed from raw chicken bones mixed with stone, sand, leaves, moss, and wood. The model uses features in the near‐infrared spectrum which may be selective for bones in general and is able to identify a wide variety of bones from different animals and contexts, including aged and weathered bone.     

Characterization of Blue Pigments Used in Automotive Paints by Raman Spectroscopy

Micro‐Raman spectroscopy was applied to forensic identification of pigments in paint chips and provided differentiation between paint samples. Sixty‐six blue automotive paint samples, 26 solid and 40 metallic were examined. It was found that the majority of the collected Raman spectra provided information about the pigments present. However, in some cases, fluorescence precluded pigment identification. Using laser excitation at longer wavelengths or pretreatment to effect photobleaching often resulted in reduced fluorescence, particularly for solid color samples, and allowed pigment identification. The examined samples were compared pairwise taking into account number, location, and intensity of absorption bands in their infrared spectra. The estimated discrimination power ranged from 97% for solid paint samples to 99% for metallic paint samples.     

Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Red Seal Inks on Questioned Document

Seals are traditionally used in the Far East Asia to stamp an impression on a document in place of a signature. In this study, an accuser claimed that a personal contract regarding mining development rights acquired by a defendant was devolved to the accuser because the defendant stamped the devolvement contract in the presence of the accuser and a witness. The accuser further stated that the seal ink stamped on the devolvement contract was the same as that stamped on the development rights application document. To verify this, the seals used in two documents were analyzed using micro‐attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and infrared spectra. The findings revealed that the seals originated from different manufacturers. Thus, the accuser's claim on the existence of a devolvement contract was proved to be false.     

UPLC-MS/MS法检测血痕中常见烟草、毒品和药物成分

目的建立UPLC-MS/MS测定血痕中尼古丁、可替宁、甲基苯丙胺、氯胺酮、吗啡、O6-单乙酰吗啡、地西泮、三唑仑、艾司唑仑、佐匹克隆和利血平的方法。方法以甲醇为提取液,采用基质提取溶液配制标准溶液制作定量曲线。采用超高效液相色谱柱对待测样品进行分离;以电喷雾离子源正离子（ESI＋）模式和多反应监测（MRM）模式进行质谱分析。优化实验条件,并进行方法学评价。结果选择UPLC HSS T3色谱柱,乙腈-5mmol/L甲酸铵＋0.1%（v/v）甲酸作为流动相,甲醇作为提取溶剂。11种检测物检出限（S/N=3）和定量限（S/N=10）分别为0.04~2.82ng和0.13~7.64ng,1~500ng/mL范围内的线性关系良好。除利血平、吗啡外的检测物回收率为（53.8±5.3）%~（107.2±12.6）%。结论采用本文UPLC-MS/MS方法对血痕中11种常见烟草、毒品和药物成分进行检测,能够满足实际检案的要求,可在相关检验中选用。     

小鼠脑外伤后Apelin-13对自噬相关蛋白表达的影响

目的观察Apelin-13对小鼠脑外伤（Traumaticbraininjury,TBI）自噬相关蛋白的影响,并初步探讨其对小鼠脑外伤后自噬相关蛋白调节的作用机制。方法取健康雄性CD-1小鼠,随机分为假手术（sham）组、生理盐水（sa-line）组、Apelin-13组。Apelin-13组和saline组在建立脑外伤模型前10min,分别注射Apelin-13（0．3μg／g）或等量生理盐水于侧脑室,然后利用Western-Blot检测脑外伤后24h、48h组大脑皮质自噬相关蛋白LC3、P62、Beclin-1和Bcl-2等的表达情况。结果与sham组相比,在脑外伤后24h、48h,saline组自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ／LC3-Ⅰ比值,Beclin-1的蛋白表达均被显著上调（P〈0．01）;同时Bcl-2、P62的蛋白表达水平被显著下调。然而,与saline组相比,Apelin-13组可显著下调自噬相关蛋白LC3-Ⅱ／LC3-Ⅰ比值和Beclin-1的蛋白表达水平（P〈0．01）;同时显著上调Bcl-2和P62的表达水平;亦明显降低Beclin-1／Bcl-2的比值。结论Apelin-13可以明显抑制脑外伤后小鼠大脑皮质细胞的自噬活性,这一作用可能是通过调节Beclin-1、Bcl-2蛋白表达水平来实现的。     

中国上海 自由贸易试验区建设与政府职能转变

中国（上海）自由贸易试验区的成立,标志着我国经济体制改革进入了深水区。其成立的意义绝非在于短期刺激经济之举,而是在于推动我国政府职能转变,继而为整个行政体制改革积累宝贵经验,最终目的则是使其在全球化背景下正在构建的国际经济新秩序的竞争中立于不败之地。与此同时,自由贸易试验区建设充分说明,现代政府只有具备充分的应变能力,才能在法治国合法性的要求之下解决不断出现的新问题。     

拉曼光谱技术在物证鉴定中的应用

拉曼光谱技术具有不接触样品、不破坏样品、无需样品制备等优点,适用于法庭科学领域不同种类物证的分析.本文综述了拉曼光谱技术在物证鉴定中的应用,并对该技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

贵州省 1 000 例涉嫌酒后驾驶者的鉴定结果分析

目的通过对贵州省2012年1000例涉嫌酒后驾驶、道路交通事故酒精检案的特点进行分析,为预防和控制酒后驾车提供科学数据。方法在利用Excel及Spss统计软件对涉嫌交通事故肇事者性别、年龄、肇事时间、肇事车型以及对肇事者血中乙醇质量浓度（BAC）等数据进行统计分析。结果涉嫌酒后驾驶者男性居多,年龄在20~50岁间占92%。事故多发生于20~24时,以县市区干道为主,肇事车辆为摩托车占46.72%。在1000例乙醇检案中,28.7%为未检出,9.3%为酒后驾车,59.5%为醉酒驾车。结论 2012年贵州省发生的1000例涉嫌酒后驾驶案件中有一定相关特征,可为＂酒驾＂的预防与控制提供准确的科学依据。     

多系统联合分析应用于复杂亲缘关系鉴定

目的探讨多种检测系统用于祖孙、同胞等复杂亲缘关系鉴定的效能。方法采用常染色体、性染色体STR检测系统以及常染色体STR基因座累计状态一致性评分方法筛选符合要求的参照样本,分析复杂亲缘关系鉴定中缺失被鉴定人的等位基因,对无法重建的＂空白＂等位基因,以最不利于＂认定亲缘关系＂的假设取概率值计算似然率。结果在一复杂亲缘关系鉴定案例中,从8个声称的全同胞中筛选出5个符合同父同母遗传条件的全同胞作为参照样本用于重建缺失被鉴定人等位基因,重建的父母相关基因型符合作为被检女孩亲生祖父母的遗传基因条件,祖孙亲缘关系似然率为1483659.96。结论在复杂亲缘关系鉴定中联合协同应用常染色体STR基因分型、性染色体STR基因分型、生物学全同胞关系累计状态一致性评分标准等多种分析系统有利于获得更接近真实的案件结论。