肾康注射液联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗慢性肾脏病疗效观察

目的 观察肾康注射液联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗慢性肾脏病（chronic kidney disease,CKD）的疗效。方法 将70例CKD患者随机分为对照组（34例）及治疗组（36例）。治疗组主要予以常规治疗,对照组在治疗组基础上加用肾康注射液联合还原型谷胱甘肽静脉滴注,疗程均为4周。观察两组临床疗效以及治疗前后血尿素氮（blood urea nitrogen, BUN）、血清肌酐（serum creatinine, SCr）、估算的肾小球滤过率（estimated glomerular filtration rate, eGFR）、胱抑素C（cystatin C, Cys-C）水平。结果 两组临床疗效的分布比较,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,治疗组的临床疗效优于对照组。治疗组治疗后BUN、SCr、Cys-C水平较治疗前明显下降（P＜0.05）,eGFR水平明显升高（P＜0.05）;治疗组治疗前后BUN、SCr、Cys-C、eGFR差值与对照组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 肾康注射液联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗慢性肾脏病疗效显著。     

中药灌肠加双侧足三里穴位注射治疗恶性肠梗阻临床研究

目的 观察中药灌肠加双侧足三里穴位注射治疗恶性肠梗阻的临床疗效。方法 30例恶性肠梗阻患者在积极支持治疗的基础上加大承气汤灌肠,每次100~150 ml,每日2次,同时加双侧足三里穴位注射蟾酥,每次每穴2 ml,每日1次。结果 梗阻完全缓解11例,好转13例,总有效率为80.0%;其中完全肠梗阻完全缓解2例、好转5例,不完全肠梗阻完全缓解9例、好转8例;生活质量改善22例,稳定8例。结论 中药灌肠加双侧足三里穴位注射治疗恶性肠梗阻疗效确切,无毒性及不良反应,适合不能耐受手术的晚期肿瘤患者。     

复方丹参注射液对Ⅱ型胶原诱导性关节炎大鼠滑膜细胞分泌IL-1β的影响

目的：研究复方丹参注射液对Ⅱ型胶原蛋白诱导性关节炎（Collagen-Ⅱ induced arthritis,CIA)大鼠模型滑膜细胞分泌IL－1β的影响。方法：采用消化分离的方法获得滑膜细胞，放射免疫法检测大鼠滑膜细胞培养上清液中IL－β的水平。结果：复方丹参注射液可以明显下调CIA大鼠滑膜细胞分泌IL－1β的水平。结论：复方丹参注射液治疗类风湿性关节炎的机制可能与下调滑膜细胞分泌IL－1β的水平有关。     

中药穴位注射治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的 观察中药穴位注射治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法 将70例2型糖尿病周围神经病变（diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN）患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组35例。在糖尿病常规治疗基础上,对照组加用弥可保治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加用红花注射液穴位注射。治疗前、治疗4周后分别进行密西根州糖尿病周围神经病评分（Michigan diabetic neuropathy score,MDNS）。结果 治疗4周后,治疗组临床疗效优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。两组患者治疗后MDNS评分和症状、体征评分均较治疗前明显减少（P＜0.05）;两组MDNS评分和症状、体征评分差值比较,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 中药穴位注射可以显著减少DPN患者MDNS评分和症状、体征评分,提高生活质量。     

Increasing Allele Detection by Altering the Quantity of Internal Lane Standard

Electrokinetic injection (EI) is the primary method used in forensic laboratories to load amplified PCR product in capillary electrophoresis for short tandem repeat (STR) fragment separation. Because all samples subjected to capillary electrophoresis use internal lane standard (ILS), this study investigated the consequence of varying the volume of ILS and its effects on allele peak heights and number of alleles detected. Results demonstrated that when the volume of ILS is reduced, the average peak height and number of alleles increased, thereby increasing the sensitivity of the detection method. Sizing anomalies were observed; however, they did not adversely affect accuracy and precision. The method developed in this study offers a simple and universal procedure to increase the alleles detected in forensic STR analysis. Reducing the volume of ILS to achieve greater sensitivity is applicable to all STR amplification kits and capillary electrophoresis instruments currently used in forensic DNA analysis.     

流动注射—化学方光法检测人体血清内枸橼酸芬太尼

目的建立灵敏测定生物样品中皮克级枸橼酸芬太尼的方法。方法使用流动注射-化学发光法、鲁米诺-溶解氧体系检测芬太尼,蠕动泵流速2.0mL/min,鲁米诺与NaOH混合后被六通阀定量注入系统直至形成稳定基线,同时将样品推进送入混合管。碱性混合液被送入化学发光流通池产生化学发光,光电倍增管和光度计即检测到发光信号强度。结果在1.0～700pg/mL线性范围内,化学发光强度与芬太尼浓度呈线性关系,且发光强度随浓度增大呈增敏趋势,检出限低至0.3pg/mL。相对标准偏差在3.0%以内。分析过程可在30s内完成,采样频率120次/h。回收率98.9%～103.1%。结论该方法已经成功应用于检测人体血清中的枸橼酸芬太尼。     

注射刑在我国的实践困境及其价值根基

变动中的行刑理念促成了死刑执行方式的不断更迭,注射刑的出现是契合行刑实践时代潮流的产物。注射刑作为一种新型的死刑执行方式,面临着操作不当将增加受刑人的痛苦,成本比较高昂,适用范围问题受到不断质疑以及程序操作缺乏明确性指导等困境。但是其背后蕴藏的深厚底蕴决定了难以抹杀它的人道化、轻缓化等价值根基。当前努力的方向是在正视注射刑积极与消极两方面的基础上,推进注射刑的行刑实践。     

Illicit Drug Delivery Via Administration of Human Blood

The physiological, psychological, and social consequences associated with illicit drug use are well documented. In addition to the effects directly related to the drug(s), the delivery mechanism can precipitate other serious health conditions. A case is reported where an individual stopped by law enforcement was discovered to be in possession of a vial containing a red‐colored fluid, which the person stated was blood and contained fentanyl. Analysis by headspace GC, ELISA, and LC‐TOF/MS screening in with mass spectral confirmation revealed the presence of several substances, including ethanol, methamphetamine, amphetamine, MDA, 6‐monoacetylmorphine, codeine, morphine, alprazolam, delta‐9 THC, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and norpseudoephedrine; serology testing verified the fluid was consistent with human blood. Methamphetamine was present at a dosage form amount (11 mg). The purpose of this study was to detail the analytical findings, interpret their meaning, and discuss the public health concerns associated with the drug delivery by the administration of human blood.     

Fatal Complications of Aesthetic Techniques: The Gluteal Region

Cosmetic procedures are common and utilize many techniques to obtain aesthetically good outcomes for patient satisfaction with acceptable safety standards. Cosmetic procedures that involve the gluteal region are becoming increasingly popular as various procedures can target the gluteal region such as liposuction, tumescent liposuction, cosmetic filler injections, autologous fat transfer, depot drug delivery, and implants. Complications of cosmetic gluteal procedures can be localized or systemic with systemic complications being responsible for most deaths. These reported systemic complications include sepsis, thromboembolism, fat embolism with or without fat embolism syndrome, macroscopic fat embolism, anesthesia‐related and blood volume abnormalities. We herein report 10 deaths due to elective gluteal cosmetic procedures. Autologous fat transfer (fat grafting, lipoinjection) following liposuction resulted in 8 of 10 fatal outcomes of the gluteal aesthetic procedures. A comprehensive discussion of gluteal anatomy, gluteal contouring procedures, and the approach to such cases is presented along with the autopsy findings of the reported cases.     

利多卡因在蛛网膜下腔和静脉注射致死犬体内的死后分布

目的比较利多卡因在蛛网膜下腔和静脉注射致死犬体内的死后分布特点。方法犬12只,其中6只经蛛网膜下腔,另6只经股静脉匀速注入利多卡因(5×15mg/kg)致死,迅速解剖动物,取大脑、侧脑室脑脊液、腰段脊髓腔脑脊液、不同脊髓节段(颈髓、胸髓、腰髓、骶髓),心、肺、肝、脾、肾、胆汁、尿、心血、周围血、注射部位肌肉和注射部位20 cm以外肌肉等脏器组织和体液,用气质联用法定性,气相色谱法定量检测其中利多卡因含量。结果蛛网膜下腔注射致死犬体内利多卡因的含量由高到低顺序依次为腰段脊髓腔脑脊液、骶段脊髓、胸段脊髓、侧脑室脑脊液、腰段脊髓、颈段脊髓、肺、肾、注射部位肌肉、心、大脑、脾、心血、肝、周围血、胆汁、注射部位20 cm以外的肌肉、尿;静脉注射致死犬体内利多卡因的含量由高到低顺序依次为肾、心、肺、脾、大脑、肝、周围血、胆汁、心血、颈段脊髓、胸段脑脊液、注射部位肌肉、腰段脊髓、注射部位20 cm以外的肌肉、侧脑室脑脊液、尿、腰段脊髓腔脑脊液、骶段脊髓。结论蛛网膜下腔注射致死犬背侧脊髓液中利多卡因含量最高,静脉注射致死犬肾脏利多卡因含量最高,此分布特征可为利多卡因麻醉意外法医学鉴定中入体途径的判定提供参考。