Severe Cardiac Rupture by Only One Blow to the Chest in a Young Boy: An Autopsy Case

Cardiac rupture by blunt chest trauma is commonly seen after motor vehicle accidents and falls; however, it is rarely caused by a blow to the chest. We herein report an autopsy case of a high school boy who sustained severe right ventricular rupture by only one knee kick to the chest during a quarrel. He was hospitalized and developed cardiopulmonary arrest. Emergency surgery was performed, but the patient died. The autopsy revealed no external severe trauma or deformation, but the side wall of the right ventricle contained a large V‐shaped laceration. The other thoracic organs had no injuries. This case illustrates that severe cardiac rupture can occur by only one blow to the chest. Blunt cardiac injuries can occur even if no severe injuries are present on the body surface. We should consider the possibility of severe cardiac injuries regardless of the presence of external injuries.     

A Ballistics Examination of Firearm Injuries Involving Breast Implants

This ballistics study examines whether saline breast implants can decrease tissue penetration in firearm injuries. We hypothesize that the fluid column within a saline breast implant can alter bullet velocity and/or bullet pattern of mushrooming. The two experimental groups included saline implants with 7.4 cm projection and a no implant group. The experimental design allowed the bullet to pass‐through an implant and into ballistics gel (n = 10) or into ballistics gel without passage through an implant (n = 11). Shots that passed through an implant had 20.6% decreased penetration distance when compared to shots that did not pass‐through an implant; this difference was statistically significant (31.9 cm vs. 40.2 cm, p < 0.001). Implant group bullets mushroomed prior to gel entry, but the no implant group mushroomed within the gel. Bullet passage through a saline breast implant results in direct bullet velocity reduction and earlier bullet mushrooming; this causes significantly decreased ballistics gel penetration.     

大鼠吸入性乙酸酐中毒的病理观察

为了观察吸入乙酸酐后机体的病理变化，在染毒柜中让大鼠吸入乙酸酐，然后在光镜下观察其吸入性损伤。结果显示：（1）急性肺水肿；（2）小支气管、细支气管粘膜凝固性坏死，炎症细胞浸润；（3）小支气管早期痉挛，后期扩张。表明引起这些损伤是由于乙酸酐对粘膜的刺激和腐蚀作用。     

线粒体DNA在年龄推断中的应用

线粒体是机体ATP产生的场所,近年来研究发现线粒体DNA(MitochondrialDNA)的损伤程度会随着年龄的增长而增加。深入研究并将mtDNA的损伤程度应用在法医学软组织的年龄推断中将有重要意义。     

活血舒心合剂对心肌缺血再灌注大鼠Fas蛋白表达的影响

目的:探讨中药自拟方"活血舒心合剂"对大鼠缺血再灌注模型心肌细胞中Fas蛋白表达的影响.方法:采用冠状动脉结扎-松结法复制大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,以SABC免疫组化法检测心肌细胞中Fas蛋白表达的变化.结果:与假手术组比较,缺血再灌注组心肌细胞Fas蛋白阳性表达明显增加(P<0.01),经活血舒心合剂干预后,Fas蛋白阳性表达下降(P<0.05).结论:活血舒心合剂可通过下调凋亡相关基因Fas蛋白的表达来保护缺血再灌注损伤心肌.     

刑法语境中的“致人重伤、死亡”

我国现行刑法典多处使用了“致人重伤、死亡”的表述 ,看似简单 ,实则复杂。在规范性质上 ,具体表现为结果犯中的构成要件结果、结果加重犯中的加重结果和情节加重犯中的严重情节 ;在刑法价值上 ,既影响定罪 ,又影响量刑 ;在罪过形式上 ,又有单纯故意、单纯过失、故意与过失相混合三种类型。并且 ,刑法中的“致人死亡”不应包括引起被害人自杀的情形     

创伤性脑损伤与细胞凋亡

综述了创伤性脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡发生的证据、特点及其可能的分子机制。研究资料表明:创伤性脑损伤后存在有细胞凋亡,它与坏死的时序空间分布不同,创伤性脑损伤后的神经细胞凋亡可通过多种不同的途径发生,受多种基因的调控。同时,本文还探讨了创伤性脑损伤后神经细胞凋亡的研究在法医学方面的应用。     

脑损伤与半胱天冬酶

脑损伤(brain injury)后脑组织发生的一系列病理、生理和生化改变,由许多基因、细胞因子参与调节并影响着损伤程度的转归。CED基因家族中的半胱天冬酶(cystein-dependent aspartate-specific protease,caspase)与脑损伤后细胞死亡有关,控制着引起细胞死亡的不同层面。细胞凋亡(Apoptosis)参与了神经细胞损伤的发病机制。     

大鼠脑震荡后GFAP的表达

目的探讨脑震荡后GFAP在脑内的时间性变化规律,为脑震荡后经过时间的法医学鉴定提供理论依据。方法54只SD大鼠按不同损伤时间分成3,6,12,24h和2,4,7,10d及对照组,用单摆式机械打击装置建立大鼠脑震荡模型,用免疫组织化学技术观察大鼠脑震荡后GFAP在伤后不同时间的表达情况。结果正常大鼠可见少量GFAP阳性细胞,脑震荡后6h后,随伤后经过时间的延长,GFAP表达逐渐增强,阳性细胞数目增多,胞体增大,突起增粗、增多,染色加深,至伤后7d达高峰。结论GFAP的检测可作为法医病理学诊断脑震荡的依据和推断脑震荡后经过时间的参考指标。     

挤压伤大鼠早期心脏损伤的细胞机制

目的观察挤压伤大鼠血清对培养的新生大鼠心肌细胞的某些作用,拟阐明挤压伤早期心肌细胞损伤的细胞机制。方法培养1～3d龄SD大鼠心肌细胞,观察挤压伤大鼠血清对心肌细胞搏动频率、表面积、蛋白质含量、3H-亮氨酸掺入、胞内钙浓度和Fos蛋白表达的影响。结果与正常大鼠血清组比较,挤压伤大鼠血清培养的心肌细胞搏动频率(次/min)由88.3±20.6降为26.4±16.7,心肌细胞表面积、蛋白质含量、3H-Leu掺入、胞内游离钙浓度(nmol/L)和Fos蛋白表达阳性指数增加。结论挤压伤大鼠血清通过抑制细胞搏动,增加胞内钙浓度诱导Fos蛋白的表达,引起心肌细胞肥大,介导挤压伤早期的心脏损伤。