School-related victimizations among adolescents: An analysis of National Crime Survey (NCS) narratives

This paper uses a heretofore untapped source of information in the National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data—the interviewer narratives—to explore school-related victimizations among adolescents. These narrative reports provide important information bearing on lifestyle and routine activity theories of victimization that is simply not available from the more familiar, highly structured portions of the NCS questionnaire. The NCS narratives suggest that a large proportion of school-related victimizations stems from peer interactions that occur in the course of routine daily activities and escalate into victimizations. Students represent pools of both potential offenders and potential victims who come in frequent contact with each other, often in the absence of capable guardians. However, rather than predatory, calculated attempts to harm, school-related victimizations among adolescents appear to consist primarily of bullying, injured pride, and misguided mischief. The theoretical and methodological implications of this study are highlighted.     

传染性腔上囊病病毒HN01超强毒株VP2基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中登录的传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)标准强毒株52-70株基因组序列,设计并合成了1对扩增IBDV VP2基因的特异性引物.以IBDV超强毒分离株HN01感染发病鸡腔上囊组织中提取的病毒RNA为模板,用RT-PCR扩增出了1.45 kb的cDNA产物,将扩增的IBDV HN01株VP2基因克隆于pMD 18-T载体上,获得了pMD 18-T-VP2重组质粒.将IBDV HN01株 VP2基因序列测定结果与已发表的其他IBDV毒株VP2基因序列进行分析比较,绘出系统进化树.结果表明,HN01株与欧洲超强毒株UK661、日本超强毒株OKYM、香港超强毒株HK46等非常相似,而与经典强毒株、弱毒株和变异株相差较大.     

"相关市场"界定的困惑与解析

在反垄断法上,"相关市场"的界定往往是展开竞争分析的出发点和前提.为了使其界定的结果更加符合实际情况,各国的执法机构在实践中纷纷引入经济分析的方法,并且总结出了许多界定的规则,但是由于经济生活的极度复杂性,使得这一界定过程充满了不确定的因素.加之考虑到司法成本的投入和法官素质要求过高等限制性条件,要想精确地界定"相关市场"的边界便显得十分困难.     

当代大学生网恋现象分析

“网恋”是信息化高度发展的产物。如今“网恋”成了当代大学生人际交往的通道,并因此产生了一些社会问题,引起了教育工作者的关注。     

犯罪与刑罚效益论——波斯纳刑法理论解析

波斯纳的刑法理论是以"效益"为中心,运用经济的方法来分析犯罪和刑罚问题,可以概括称为"犯罪与刑罚的效益论".他认为每个罪犯都是理性的计算者,而其犯罪行为都能够从经济的背景上,在利益的驱动中找到合理的原因.正是对犯罪经济原因的深层分析,才能找到预防和控制犯罪的合理方法,而最佳的刑事制度,要综合考虑犯罪的机会成本、查获几率、惩罚严厉性等其它相关变量.     

Time-Varying Risk Factors for Reassault Among Batterer Program Participants

This study uses longitudinal data to identify risk markers for reassault among batterer program participants. Data are from 308 men and their partners collected at five, 3-month intervals. Time-varying situational and behavioral risk factors, as well as time-invariant individual characteristics, are examined. The most influential risk markers, in terms of relative risk and level of statistical significance, were time-varying: 2 measures of the man's drunkenness during the follow-up interval in which the reassault occurred (OR: 3.5-16.3; p > .0005). Other included time-varying batterer characteristics had no significant effect on reassault. Two significant time-invariant batterer risk factors were (1) severe psychopathology and (2) a history of non-domestic-violence arrest, both measured at intake. Results suggest that batterers' drinking behavior after program intake may provide an important and easily observed marker for risk of reassault and that prediction of reassault with individual risk factors at program intake remains problematical.     

产品责任法中的警示缺陷研究

文章采用比较法学的研究方法,对现代各国产品责任法律制度中的警示缺陷进行了分析和比较.着重研究了警示缺陷中的警示的时间、对象、内容、方式、强度、售后警示、产品继任者的警示以及关于"明显危险无警告义务法则"等.在此基础上结合实例进行了警示缺陷的实务研究和警示缺陷的经济学分析.     

警察分离人员心理状况分析研究

为了了解警察分离人员的心理状况,探讨警察素质培训的方法,提高警察的整体素质,采用SCL-90症状自评量表及卡特尔16PF个性特征量表对唐山市公安局警察分离人员施测,结果显示:警察分离人员存在着不同程度的心理健康问题和个性心理问题,应采取有效的心理干预措施,重视心理咨询及心理治疗在警察培训工作中的重要作用。     

Regulation in Comparative Perspective

Structural changes in the world economy pose challenging new problems for comparative policy analysis. One such problem is the harmonization of domestic policies and institutions, which the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations has identified as a key principle of international economic relations. Harmonization may mean the creation of a single policy space out of a number of distinct jurisdictions. It can also mean the adoption of common policy goals or general principles that national governments can pursue by different strategies. Comparative analysis can help in choosing the type of harmonization most appropriate in a given context. This article analyzes the development of harmonization strategies in the European Community/European Union. The European experience shows that far-reaching economic integration can be achieved without suppressing cultural diversity and legitimate differences in national preferences.