Effects of Trait Anger and Negative Attitudes Towards Women on Physical Assault in Dating Relationships

The present study investigated the combined effect of trait anger and negative attitudes towards women (i.e., hostility towards women, calloused sexual beliefs) on frequency of physical aggression in premarital relationships. A total of 263 college-aged men who reported that they were either currently involved in a romantic relationship or had been involved in at least one romantic relationship during the past 12 months were recruited. Participants completed a battery of questionnaires, including the Conflict Tactics Scale-2, Trait Anger Scale, Hostility Towards Women Scale, and Hypermasculinity Inventory. Correlational analyses indicated that trait anger, hostility towards women, and calloused sexual beliefs were positively associated with frequency of physical assault. Further, hierarchical regression analyses indicated that both hostility towards women and calloused sexual beliefs moderated the relationship between trait anger and frequency of physical assault, such that in men who possess more negative attitudes towards women, higher levels of trait anger lead to increased physical assault. Results provide initial support for the role of trait anger in dating violence and suggest the existence of a subgroup among premaritally violent males who possess negative attitudes toward women and also possess a strong tendency to experience intense levels of anger.     

万用表测量字迹电阻方法的初步研究

目的介绍一种鉴定添加变造黑色笔迹的新方法—万用表测量字迹电阻法。方法用万用表的探针测量字迹笔画的电阻值数值,根据数值的大小范围来判断字迹是否存在添加变造。结果该方法简便快速,不破坏原件,不受检测条件及环境的限制,成本低,效率高,便于广泛推广应用。结论凡是可测出电阻值数值的,证明书写色料中的成份是以碳黑为主,凡电阻值为正无穷大时,证明书写色料中不含碳黑,而是由多种色料拼色而成的,从而可分析判断字迹是否被添加变造。     

Can Stable Isotopes and Radiocarbon Dating Provide a Forensic Solution for Curbing Illegal Harvesting of Threatened Cycads?

Cycads in South Africa are facing an extinction crisis due to the illegal extraction of plants from the wild. Proving wild origin of suspect ex situ cycads to the satisfaction of a court of law is difficult, limiting law enforcement efforts. We investigated the feasibility of using multiple stable isotopes to identify specimens removed from the wild. Relocated and wild specimens from two species in the African genus Encephalartos (E. lebomboensis and E. arenarius) were sampled. ¹⁴C analysis indicated that a ± 30‐year chronology could be reliably obtained from the cycads. For E. arenarius, pre‐relocation tissue was consistent with a wild origin, whereas tissue grown post‐relocation was isotopically distinct from the wild for ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr and δ¹⁵N. For E. lebomboensis, δ³⁴S, δ¹⁸O, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr were different between relocated and control plants, consistent with the >30 years since relocation. Our findings demonstrate the potential for a forensic isotope approach to identify illegal ex situ cycads.     

At the end of a fairy tale: romantic relationships in female juvenile offenders

This study explores romantic relationships among female juvenile offenders. The entire female population of a juvenile detention center at the moment of the study participated in a semi-structured interview. Using a semi-structured interview, the girls answered questions on four main topics: (a) available dating partners before entering the detention center; (b) dating partner preferences; (c) intimate relationships within the center; and (d) romantic relationships. A 34-item scale was also used to assess their dating partner preferences. Most girls depicted dysfunctional families and a reduced range of dating options, many involving male offenders. Most participants had also been precocious in their relationships and experienced victimization at the hands of their intimate partners. Implications to prevent female involvement with criminal and violent men are discussed.     

Healing Forces

正Traditional Tibetan medicine is in need of more research and protection Every summer,Tso-Ngon Tibetan Medicine Hospital in Xining,capital of northwest China’s Qinghai Province,arranges for experienced doctors to conduct checkups in and outside the province.They usually open temporary medical camps at places used for re-     

The use of filtered light for the evaluation of writing inks analyzed using thin layer chromatography

Thin layer chromatography (TLC) is a scientific methodology that can be used to compare and characterize ink formulations. Occasionally, when evaluating chromatographic profiles on a TLC plate with ambient light, different ink formulations, or the same inks from different batches, may appear indistinguishable. The use of filtered light can be very effective to illuminate characteristics that are not readily apparent with ambient light. There are a diverse number of components commonly found in writing inks, and it may be that some of them respond to particular wavelengths of energy that are not visible to the unaided eye (i.e., colorless). There has been very little information published that addresses the use of filtered light for evaluating TLC plates. Twenty-nine ballpoint writing ink samples were selected for TLC analysis. Further evaluation using an alternate light source, coupled with the appropriate filter, proved to be an effective means for definitive discrimination in some cases.     

中性墨水笔墨迹中甘油成分的气相色谱分析及历时性变化初探

目的对中性墨水笔墨迹中甘油成分和随时间变化规律进行研究。方法利用气相色谱法分析了含有甘油溶剂成分的中性墨水笔字迹墨迹,并对甘油成分含量相差较大的字迹样本的变化规律进行了研究。结果得到了3种字迹墨迹中甘油成分随字迹形成时间变化的关系曲线。结论曲线变化规律表明,书写时间6个月的中性墨水笔墨迹中甘油成分的含量变化出现拐点,6个月以后甘油成分的含量基本趋于不变。     

LC—MS／MS法测定蓝色圆珠笔油墨中的碱性染料

目的建立蓝色圆珠笔油墨中碱性染料的LC—MS／MS方法,为蓝色圆珠笔油墨的种类鉴别提供方法。方法用二级质谱寻找并确定结晶紫、甲基紫、维多利亚蓝B、碱性紫14、碱性蓝7和罗丹明B等碱性染料的特征性母离子／子离子对。收集50种蓝色圆珠笔．划线后对其笔道用0．5mm直径打孔器取样,乙腈超声提取。液相分离采用WatersXBridgeC18柱。流动相为0．1％甲酸缓冲液（A）-乙腈（B）,梯度程序洗脱。结果4个点的取样量足以满足检测需要,采用相对峰面积的定量方法．结果重现性好．RSD％≤2．3％。应用该方法对50种蓝色圆珠笔油墨中的碱性染料进行检测,区分率为94．4％。结论所建LC—MS／MS方法定性准确,定量可靠,为蓝色圆珠笔油墨的种类鉴别提供了方法。     

Considerations on the ASTM Standards 1789‐04 and 1422‐05 on the Forensic Examination of Ink

Abstract: The ASTM standards on Writing Ink Identification (ASTM 1789‐04) and on Writing Ink Comparison (ASTM 1422‐05) are the most up‐to‐date guidelines that have been published on the forensic analysis of ink. The aim of these documents is to cover most aspects of the forensic analysis of ink evidence, from the analysis of ink samples, the comparison of the analytical profile of these samples (with the aim to differentiate them or not), through to the interpretation of the result of the examination of these samples in a forensic context. Significant evolutions in the technology available to forensic scientists, in the quality assurance requirements brought onto them, and in the understanding of frameworks to interpret forensic evidence have been made in recent years. This article reviews the two standards in the light of these evolutions and proposes some practical improvements in terms of the standardization of the analyses, the comparison of ink samples, and the interpretation of ink examination. Some of these suggestions have already been included in a DHS funded project aimed at creating a digital ink library for the United States Secret Service.     

Psychological aggression in dating relationships: The role of interpersonal control

This research examines the relatively unexplored area of psychological aggression in dating relationships. One causal factor of particular interest is interpersonal control, that is, the degree to which one person controls another in a relationship. Data are collected on men and women inflicting and sustaining psychological abuse in heterosexual college dating relationships. The results show that interpersonal control is an important predictor of psychological aggression.