依规治党是国家治理现代化的关键

国家治理现代化是中国的第五个现代化,国家治理现代化要求衔接好依法治国与依规治党的关系,依规治党是国家治理现代化的关键。以制度治党治国是执政党最大的法治原则,依法治国是执政党治国理政的基本形态,依规治党是执政党治国理政的基本前提,依宪治国是执政党依法治国的必然路径。国家治理现代化进程中的法治举措是:坚定维护执政党的权威和...     

社会主义法治之路的历史审视

社会主义在不到一百年的历史发展中遭受了挫折与失败,究其原因,与法治的缺乏、大搞人治密切相关。中国只有以法治为基础,中国特色社会主义才能有前所未有的历史前程。     

国外社会创新的理论与实践

社会创新作为解决社会问题、满足社会需求的重要途径之一,日益受到国内外学界和实践界的关注与重视。本文从经济学、社会学、管理学等不同学科领域出发,对现有国外相关研究的文献进行了系统梳理,并概括介绍了社会创新的实践前沿,以及国外政府、企业和社会组织为推动社会创新的发展而进行的实践探索,以期为中国现阶段加强和创新社会管理提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

行政区划体制合宪性问题的国际比较与借鉴

对于我国出现的行政区划体制合宪性问题,国际上德国、法国及日本都有各自的宪法性案例及宪法性解释可供比较与借鉴。宪法对地方组织体制的规定不可能十分详细,我国地级市设置及市管县体制是合宪的。虽然国家立法者拥有广泛的裁量权,但行政区划相关法律制定应遵循一定的宪法性原则,行政区划实施也应有法律来规范以保证其严肃性。     

执政兴国:党的先进性和社会主义制度优越性的统一

保持党的先进性与发挥社会主义制度优越性是密不可分,相互促进的。执政兴国是党的先进性具体的历史的要求,也是发挥社会主义制度优越性的关键所在,所以我们可以从执政兴国这一角度去分析二者的统一。只有在执政兴国的过程中,我们才可以获得促进党的先进性与社会主义制度优越性相统一的物质基础、思想基础、群众基础。     

党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一的时代阐释

党的十七大提出,要坚持中国特色社会主义政治发展道路,坚持党的领导、人民当家作主、依法治国有机统一。党的执政地位是历史的选择、人民的选择,并且具有不容置疑的合宪性合法性;人民当家作主是中国特色社会主义民主政治的本质和核心;依法治国是治国方略,依法执政是依法治国的首要环节;在新形势下,坚持三者有机统一,需要正确理解和处理加强党的领导与发挥人民代表大会作用的关系。     

略论施米特的宪法思想

施米特的宪法政治思想对后世产生了极大的影响,也渗透在中国的1982年宪法里。浓郁的政治色彩成为他的宪法思想中的一大特色,我们应辩证去看待它,尽量吸收借鉴它对我国现代法治有益的思想。     

论受贿犯罪司法认定中的几个问题

治理商业贿赂,首先要正确认定商业贿赂犯罪,这不仅是准确打击商业贿赂犯罪之需要,也是保障人权之要求。受贿犯罪自然是商业贿赂犯罪的核心。受贿犯罪在司法实践中存在一些难以认定的情况,如“什么是公务”、“利益正当与否如何判断”、“受贿故意与谋利目的分离如何处理”,等等。对这些问题的解决,应从应然和实然两方面着手。     

Return on Investment in Innovation: Implications for Institutions and National Agencies*

Commercial success in universities in the USA and Canada has resulted in many other countries taking steps to emulate this performance and major technology transfer and commercialisation support programmes have been launched in UK, Europe, Australia, Japan and many other countries—including South Africa. Unrealistic expectations have, however, been generated by the spectacular successes of a relatively few institutions and it is not always realised that the success from commercialisation is proportional to the magnitude of the investment in research. Without a well funded, high quality research system, it is not possible for technology transfer to make any significant contribution to economic development. The possible economic returns to higher education institutions from commercialisation of research can be estimated using international benchmarks. This forecast uses a combination of an institutional return on investment model and a simple economic projection. The model is generic and can be adapted for use in any institution. As more data becomes available from local (and international) sources, the model will be refined to give better estimates. The model is dynamic and shows, quantitatively, why it can take up to 10 years for an institution, and 20 years nationally, to attain a positive rate of return from an investment in research and technology transfer. The model enables the long-term impact of policy decisions, in an institution and nationally, to be examined and alternative scenarios explored. The performance of individual institutions is, however, highly variable and unpredictable. This is even for those institutions that are comparable in size and maturity. A large portfolio of patents and licences is required to give a reasonable probability of positive returns. This may be possible at a national level, but is problematic in smaller institutions—and smaller countries. Because the benefits of the innovation system are captured largely at national level, with institutions having a high uncertainty, public sector support to reduce the institutional risk is necessary to assist institutions to make the necessary investments. Technology transfer is of course only one element of the overall research and innovation value chain. All elements must be functioning effectively to derive the economic and social benefits from research. In addition to a strong research system, adequate incentives must exist to encourage academics to participate, particularly with regard to the crucial initial step of invention disclosure. After disclosure, sufficient institutional capacity must be in place to take an idea, evaluate it, protect the intellectual property appropriately and then seek a path to commercialisation through either licensing or start-up company formation. *Based on the paper “Return on Investment in Innovation: Implications for Institutions and National Agencies” presented at The First Globelics Conference on Innovation Systems and Development Strategies for the Third Millennium, Rio de Janeiro, November 2003.