Cultivating small business influence in the UK: the federation of small businesses' journey from outsider to insider

This case study charts the classic transformation of a small business organisation from being a vehicle of protest that attracted a reasonable but transient membership into a much larger group with a more stable membership and a group with an effective insider policy style. The paper asserts that the change in style and the change in recruiting success are not causally linked, and, indeed, it claims that an insider style may harm recruiting. In the case of the Federation of Small Businesses (FSB), however, any potential damage through adopting an insider style was more than offset by the separate decision to market the group door to door with a package of selective material incentives (Olson 1965). The paper describes the predominant insider politics style of political representation and finds that while the FSB has moved in that direction, it does not fully fit the stereotype. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications     

略论排污权交易制度若干问题

随着政府职能的转变,逐渐由过去的简单管理型向引导服务型发展,这体现在环境保护领域,则是政府运用经济刺激手段引导企业的环境行为,有效促进企业不经济行为的内部化。排污权作为环保市场化的重要组成部分,在实现环境保护和可持续发展方面起着非常重要的作用。本文阐述了排污权交易的产生背景、建立排污权交易的必要性、外国排污权交易制度的实践经验及在此基础之上分析我国建立实施排污权交易制度的经验和作用等问题。     

浅析我国证券欺诈犯罪行为的成因及对策

证券欺诈属于高智能犯罪和白领犯罪类,它是以内幕交易、操纵市场、欺诈客户和虚假陈述等犯罪形式严重损害投资者利益的行为。这种行为不仅严重破坏了我国金融证券业的良性发展,也对整个国民经济的发展造成了消极的影响。我们应该从证券欺诈犯罪的含义、表现形式和产生原因等方面入手,去探寻完善证券欺诈犯罪的具体法律规制措施,提出相应的立法建议,尽快建立健全相关的制度体系,从而预防和控制证券欺诈犯罪的发生,以促进我国证券市场的健康发展。     

特朗普政府执政以来全球贸易体系的变局：机遇与挑战

特朗普自执政以来,强力推行"美国优先"的经济政策,冲击着现行的国际秩序,使全球贸易体系出现前所未有之大变局。美国成"变量",单边对决多边,西方阵营分裂,新兴经济体和发展中国家群体崛起明显。变局中,特朗普政府孤立主义、单边主义、保护主义的政治经济学逻辑显现无疑,这给中国的发展既带来了机遇,又造成了新的挑战。因此,中国必须采取稳妥的应对策略,把握战略全局,维护中美关系稳定大局;深化改革开放,打造多边利益共同体;布局主场外交,提升中国的战略能力。     

社会诚信、交易成本和个人权利--和谐社会的法经济学分析

社会诚信是和谐社会的重要标志。社会诚信对于建设和谐社会的重要意义不仅在于使人和谐相处,而且还可以大大节约交易成本。当前社会诚信缺失最根本的原因在于国家对个人权利保障无力,不能给人们提供一个追求长远利益的稳定预期和重复博弈的规则,使得信誉机制难以形成。只有对权力的行使进行有效监控,才能切实保障个人权利,在这个基础上,社会诚信才能真正树立,社会和谐才能真正实现。     

Liberal International Theory and Imagining the End of the Cold War

Liberal international theory foresaw neither the end of the east–west rivalry nor the fall of the Soviet Union. However, from the 1960s up through the 1980s, several liberal international theorists put forward insightful analyses of the evolution of the cold war, its changing importance in world affairs and the problems that increasingly confronted the Soviet Union. Well before the fall of the Berlin Wall, several liberal international writers sensed that the cold war was abating, that this abatement was important for world politics and that the Soviet Union was having serious problems in maintaining its status as a superpower with an Eastern European empire.     

Regulation lite: The rise of emissions trading

Emissions trading is the governmentally promoted hope for a sustainable world. In different contexts, trading regimes display varying potential – both in absolute terms and in comparison with other regulatory instruments. Emissions trading, however, is a device that raises urgent issues regarding its objectives, cost‐effectiveness, fairness, transparency, and legitimacy. Its use places emphasis on its “acceptability” and the virtues of regulation that is “lite” because it is non‐threatening to the most powerful interests. Emissions trading is resonant with assumptions that are highly contentious – notably that it is acceptable because it involves no losers, or because, in desperate global circumstances, we have no choice but to use it. There is a need to confront the difficult issues presented by emissions trading and to face the challenges of combining “market” and “democratic” systems of legitimization. It is also necessary to avoid taking refuge in all too comfortable beliefs in cumulative checks and balances.     

排污权交易与环境税博弈下的抉择——以构建排污权交易制度为视角

环境问题外部性的解决是借助于产权界定还是政府管制,引发了排污权交易和环境税两种不同的经济管理手段。两者虽有共同的理论基础,但是作为不同的环境经济手段存在着参与主体、实践方式和现实效果的不同。两者相比,排污权交易更具优越性。但是我国目前排污权交易仍然存在诸多问题,因此建立排污权交易的立法体系,建立和完善排污权交易的配套制度,培育排污权交易市场,正确定位政府角色,完善政府监管职能,是构建排污权交易制度的必经之路。     

网络交易平台诈骗犯罪及其防控——以300份判决书为样本

网络交易平台诈骗犯罪的基本构造与传统诈骗犯罪无异,但缺少传统诈骗犯罪的案发现场,具有发案类型多样化、非接触性信息化、犯罪门槛低等特点。在大数据背景下,网络交易平台诈骗犯罪是网络交易平台与用户数据相互作用形成的结果,规范网络交易平台治理与完善用户数据保护成为防范此类犯罪的关键。网络交易平台的多样性和非接触性信息化加大了对犯罪进行打击和防控的难度,要从网络交易平台管理和个人数据保护两个方面进行治理,同时加强行政管理部门的相互协作,确立不同部门之间执法数据共享机制,从而构建完善的网络交易平台诈骗犯罪防控体系。     

内幕交易侵权责任的因果关系

证券内幕交易侵权责任因果关系的研究,需要借助因果关系理论的发展并重新审视内幕交易的行为本质。投资者因内幕交易而致权益被侵害是完全被动的,"比较优势论"有助于实现对内幕交易行为及其侵权责任的整体认知。内幕交易侵害其交易对手——"善意同时反向交易者"之"以信息对称为核心的公平交易法益",而非投资者的"知情法益"。内幕交易行为提升了投资者亏损发生的客观可能性,二者之间具有事实上的因果关联。依托以原因力、有责性、公平性等若干要素为中心的理论与价值判断体系,并贯彻侵权法之填补及预防损害的补偿性功能,经论证可知内幕交易侵权行为引致的损失限定为对手"交易损失的一半",但应以相当于内幕交易人非法获利(包括所获收益或避免的损失)的投资者损失额为限。