新时代党建引领乡村治理创新的路径研究

在新的时代条件下,将制度优势更好地转化为治理效能,既是一个重大的理论问题,也是一个重大的现实问题。党建引领乡村治理是实现制度优势向治理效能转化相关领域的一个重要体现。改革开放40年的发展,乡村治理面临社会阶层分化、治理主体缺位、党组织建设不完善等困境,进一步提升乡村治理效能迫在眉睫。理论分析基层党建与乡村治理的逻辑机理,发现:党的领导是乡村治理的领导核心、党的建设是乡村振兴进程中的坚强堡垒、创新基层治理是巩固党的执政根基的客观要求。新时代提升乡村治理效能必须坚持以党建为引领、以基层为主体、以人民为中心、以问题为导向、以创新为手段、以制度为保障,构建乡村治理新格局。     

发挥人才资源优势 推动长吉图开发开放先导区的发展

长吉图开发开放先导区是吉林省在振兴东北老工业基地的基础上迎来的又一新机遇和新挑战,而人才是生产发展的第一资源。本文在分析了长吉图开发开放先导区战略规划目的的基础上,阐述了目前长吉图开发开放先导区人才发展的现状及存在的问题,并提出了解决对策。以便更好地运用人才资源推进长吉图开发开放先导区的建设和发展。     

Explaining Reforms of Parliamentary Minority Rights: A Theoretical Framework with Case Study Application

How can we explain institutional reforms that redistribute institutional power between the parliamentary majority and minority? This paper proposes an informal theoretical model to explain such reforms in European parliaments based on congressional literature and inductive explanations from case studies. The article argues that political parties as the relevant actors pursue institutional reforms based on their substantive goals, their current and expected future government status, transaction and audience costs of reforms, second-order institutions that regulate the relative influence of actors in changing parliamentary rules, and the institutional status quo. Hypotheses derived from this model are tested with a qualitative case study of all standing order reforms in the Austrian parliament from 1945 to 2014. The empirical analysis finds support for various hypotheses and their underlying causal mechanisms. As Austria constitutes a least-likely case, the evidence provides strong support for the theoretical model.     

中国经济挑战制度经济学?

中国经过20几年的改革实践,GDP以年均超过9%的速度增长,但中国法治与产权保护还很欠缺,这似乎在一些方面挑战现存的制度经济学。制度经济学关注的核心是产权保护与合约执行机制。其实,中国经济在制度资本欠缺的情况下仍能增长的一个重要原因在于其增长所依赖的行业。这就是制造业和服务业的发展对制度环境有着截然不同的制度要求。中国改革实践不但没有挑战制度经济学的核心命题,反倒证实了制度经济学的指导意义。     

反腐倡廉要更加注重制度建设

制度建设是反腐倡廉建设的重要组成部分，是从源头上预防腐败的重要保证。当前，健全完善反腐倡廉制度应从以下三个方面加大力度：一是从抓思想教育入手，增强反腐倡廉的自觉性；二是从完善监督机制入手，营造廉洁自律的“小环境”；三是从落实党风廉政责任制入手，自觉塑造廉洁勤政的领导干部形象。     

Clustering of Multilateral Environmental Agreements: Potentials and Limitations

The concept of clustering of multilateral environmental agreements (MEAs), i.e. the integration of groups of MEAs or parts thereof, has acquired prominence in recent discussions about reforming international environmental governance. Understood as a continuing process, clustering of MEAs aims at advancing the ongoing process of integrating the elements of this system more systematically and dynamically. This paper proceeds in three steps. First, it demonstrates that a distinction needs to be made between clustering of organisational elements of MEAs and their functions, since the conditions and the effects of their integration differ significantly. Second, it argues that – in contrast to several existing approaches that seek to build clusters starting from similarities in one dimension – any attempt to integrate elements of MEAs needs to be based upon the analysis of a range of factors that influence the prospects of such integration (including overlap of membership and issues, practical feasibility, legal obstacles, and functional requirements). Third, the article contrasts the main potential benefits of a clustering of MEAs, namely efficiency gains and an increase in the coherence of international environmental governance, with the main challenges of international environmental policy, namely reaching agreement, implementing such agreement effectively and preventing/managing inter-institutional conflict. While clustering cannot be expected to make a significant direct contribution to addressing these challenges, it has a potential to economise and enhance the system of international environmental governance with positive indirect effects promoting better international environmental protection in the longer term.     

俄波捷体制改革国资管理的经验教训

俄罗斯、波兰、捷克已基本完成了由计划经济向市场经济的转轨,经济步入了增长通道。通过设立专门的管理机构、明确出资人代表、管理法制化等,逐步形成了比较完整的国有资产管理体制,使国有资产管理走上了规范化的道路。     

论跟进式制度变迁

跟进式制度变迁是介于供给主导性制度变迁和需求主导性制度变迁之间的一种变迁方式。本对跟进式制度变迁的概念、性质、运行规律和跟进制度的本地化等问题，进行了初步分析。     

Argentina: Up a Blind Alley Once Again

This article attempts to respond to a simple question: What are the factors which caused the December crisis and whether or not they have been defused since president Duhalde came to power? The answer, by contrast, does not appear to be so straightforward. After analyzing a broad range of causes, some of which were thought of as harbingers of democratic breakdown and some which are considered driving forces of the current instability, this article points out two combined causes in the Argentinean crisis: the fragmentation of the politico–institutional system and the extreme dependency of its economy on foreign credit. Given the fact that both reasons cannot be fully understood simply in terms of historical precedent, the article also looks at what is new in this case.     

略论让与担保制度在我国的确立

让与担保是20世纪新兴起的一种非典型担保制度,在其发生、发展的过程中,遭到各国学界的激烈批评,判例实务之立场也摇摆不定。基于让与担保的优势,我国应确立让与担保制度。让与担保虽存在缺陷,但亦有克服的办法。