租:公共政策的意蕴

本文从布坎南关于"租"的论述出发,运用新制度主义方法重新审视"租"的公共政策意蕴,认为公共政策是一种正式制度安排,本质上是关于规定个体和集体选择集的制度安排结构;在制度变迁中,由于不同体制、权利和组织设置而获得的额外收益就是"租",这是公共政策存在的理由;寻租是有成本的,表现为政治交易费用,政府创租和利益集团寻租是不同的两种政治交易过程,表现为公共政策议程;有效率的公共政策选择依赖于制度结构,是制度结构赋予成本和收益以意义。     

Globalization and institutional competitiveness

Only dead institutions do not change and only rarely do institutions change by themselves. To maintain performing institutions takes institutional entrepreneurs who are willing to take risks and who possess the capacity and the talent to innovate. A regulation discourse, in contrast to a marketization discourse, would not picture the relationship between globalization and institutional change as a deterministic one. Rather, it would expect that all kinds of actors play a large number of different roles in the course of ongoing institutional change. The result of such complex institutional change, at the level of welfare states, multinational businesses, public administration, and training systems, to mention just a few of the empirical areas covered in this special issue, cannot be fully understood by applying an overly rigid, static, and dualistic approach to modern capitalist economies. The concept of institutional competitiveness, on the contrary, allows for institutional entrepreneurship and institutional hybrids constituting pulsating polities.     

我国收入分配差距过大的制度原因分析

制度安排是影响收入分配最本质的根源。我国城乡二元经济体制加剧了城市居民与农民的收入差距；经济体制转型期的制度缺陷造成了阶层收入差距的扩大；政策的倾斜形成了地区和行业收入的巨大差距。针对收入分配差距过大的现状，我们必须加快产权制度改革，推进政府职能转变，不断打破垄断，尽快建立健全完善的社会保障体系。     

双重制度逻辑与县级人大常委会的成长——一种新制度主义视角的解析

就中国县级人大常委会这个新组织而言，其运作和成长的制度环境主要是具有内在紧张关系的双重制度逻辑并存，即自上而下和自下而上的责任逻辑。因此，中国县级人大常委会的组织运作和成长是在平衡矛盾性的制度逻辑、应对制度环境约束中进行的。     

试论清末民初的经济制度改革

清末民初虽然时间跨度不到 2 0年 ,但却是一个社会经济变迁较大时代。甲午战败 ,民族危机严重 ,以“振兴工商”为中心的“新政”成了濒临倾覆的清王朝挽救危机的主要手段。辛亥革命后 ,袁世凯政府也以“振兴实业”作为稳固其政权的重要方针。为此 ,相继颁行了一系列的经济政策。笔者运用新制度经济学理论探讨这一时期中国实行的由上而下的一系列经济制度改革 ,对中国资本主义的发展产生的作用和影响 ,由此揭示推进和制约近代中国资本主义发展的原因所在。     

Organising for mutual advantage: municipal associations in Bulgaria

Networks of local government support organisations (LGSOs) are critical to successful intergovernmental relations and effective local governance in democratic societies. Bulgaria had no such network of municipal associations when it began the transition from communist rule in the early 1990s. Using US and other external technical assistance, Bulgaria over the next decade overcame the impediments to collective action and established what appears to be an effective and sustainable system to back up its cities and towns. Important factors in mobilising support included a long‐term focus on institutional development, non‐partisanship, flexibility in implementation and a pragmatic orientation that focused on learning by doing. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Missing pieces: an overview of the institutional puzzle

Institutional development has become a core component of international development programmes. Yet, institutional reforms have, to date, had a disappointing impact on poverty reduction in the South. The causality of the links between institutions and poverty reduction and how exactly the institutional environment and development outcomes affect each other is still unclear. A lack of analytical consensus has resulted in vague policy recommendations and a dearth of clear operational guidelines for international development practitioners. This article provides an overview of the main current institutional development debates and gaps in existing research, and identifies some key organisations working on institutional issues in the academic and practitioner spheres. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国地方政府在制度变迁中的作用分析

中国的改革过程,实质上就是中国政府包括地方政府推动制度创新的过程,是新制度被制定及旧制度被替代的过程。我国地方政府在获得一定的经济决策权、财政支配权及制度变迁的供给权的情况下,其创新能力不断增强,在制度变迁中将起到不可替代的作用。     

电子政务现实冲突及其解决

当前我国电子政务在现实中与政府管理创新、政府组织结构、法律滞后、行政成本、信息资源开发利用及安全等产生冲突。对于这些冲突,一方面要从行政机制上寻求解决方案,另一方面要用立法的办法来解决。立法解决是在立法原则的基础上,订立电子政务相关法律的基础性体系、核心性体系和运作性体系。     

社会工作学科建设的若干问题研究

城市化进程、政府职能的转变、高等教育的迅猛发展为我国社会工作学科建设提供了广泛的发展空间和全新的生长点。在社会转型和体制改革的现实背景中,社会工作学科的建设应明确学科思路,围绕学科定位扎扎实实地打好基础,绝不能急功近利。