Trade Measures and Climate Compliance: Institutional Interplay Between WTO and the Marrakesh Accords

This article examines the potential of trade measures to induce more climate-friendly policies, focusing on the relationship between global trade rules and the Kyoto climate regime. At the core of this interplay is the normative consistency of trade-related rules in the two regimes and any hierarchical relationship between them. The stronger clout of the WTO and its compulsory dispute settlement system suggest that issues involving competing claims would be referred to WTO bodies. Such bodies have so far been restrictive regarding the exceptions in WTO agreements to the general ban on embargoes and discrimination. The normative compatibility of the two regimes will also depend on their participatory interplay, specifically how they differentiate groups of actors as to rights and obligations. Non-members of WTO receive the least protection, and their vulnerability to climate-related trade measures is largely determined by their interdependence with states that consider employment of such measures. Among WTO members, the findings of a dispute settlement body would presumably differ depending on the status of the target under the Kyoto Protocol. A non-complier with Kyoto commitments would be more shielded than a non-party, because by joining the Kyoto regime a non-complier has exposed itself to regime-internal and less trade intrusive measures that should be exhausted first. A third dimension of interplay is linkage, or efforts to influence the regime interplay. To date there has only been moderate cross-agency coordination, but considerable attention is paid within each regime, including in the Millennium Round of trade negotiations, to the desirability of avoiding conflict between them.     

区域环境变迁与经济文化历史演进之互动--以陕甘宁地区为例

本文以陕甘宁地区区域文化的历史内涵及其发展过程自然环境--经济活动--文化变迁这一主线,着力探讨了在中国北方农牧民族对峙的社会背景下,与该地区特殊的自然环境条件(包括后期人为产生的条件)密切相关的边塞文化发展的某些特征.     

新文学史：社会文化思潮与历史变革的双重叠影

仅仅以“回归文学本体”的视野考察中国新文学史的构成 ,是难以揭示其本真面貌的 ,只有与“社会—历史批评”模式相结合 ,方可认清新文学史的个性主义、民族主义和马克思主义三大社会文化思潮与多次历史变革双重叠影的复杂结构形态。     

从现实出发稳步推进党内民主建设

发展党内民主是党建的目标之一,也是中国政治体制改革的突破口。推行党内民主具有理论的现实性,同时也存在着与实际相冲突的地方。要充分估计现实中的不利因素和存在的问题,科学理解和处理好党内民主与"四个服从"、民主集中制的关系,加强党内民主的制度建设,创造良好的社会政治环境,从而使党内民主建设稳步健康发展。     

The New Water Legislation of Zimbabwe and South Africa – Comparison of Legal and Institutional Reform

Recently, several new pieces of water legislation have been promulgated in both Zimbabwe and the Republic of South Africa. The new acts are an attempt to correct injustices of a colonial past and to trigger development towards effective, equitable and efficient integrated water resources management influenced by the policy decisions in Agenda 21 and the need to respect economic and social human rights. This article aims at identifying and describing factors of prime importance in the process of legal and institutional reform. Major factors are earmarked and derived from the proceedings in Zimbabwe and are compared with the situation in South Africa. Thorough analysis by the author of proceedings, preambles, memoranda, legislation and addenda has induced roughly 5 major reform issues: The call for equitable water distribution based on a widely consented water resources management strategy; The need for effective and efficient integrated water resources management conducive to stakeholder participation through decentralisation processes; The redressing of legal shortcomings in former water legislation with the emphasis on the introduction of integrated approaches; The introduction of instruments of cost recovery for water resources management; The need to develop human resources capacity and institutional strength within the implementing agencies.For both Southern African states, these issues appear to be of comparable importance as major triggers for legal and institutional reform, although not always in the same sense.The resulting most important legal and institutional changes are presented, discussed and compared. Finally, prospects for and constraints on implementation of the new water legislation in these countries are compared.     

法价值对物权变动模式选择的影响——安全与效率的博弈

交易安全和经济效率都是法的价值目标,二者之间是此消彼涨的关系,交易安全作为社会本位的法理念,在经济全球化的今天,应受到优位保护,这也是现实经济生活的需要。而效率作为经济发展的指标,是二元化立法模式的首要价值目标,法律作为调控、规范社会秩序的手段,理应对效率给予必要保护。基于对不同立法价值的追求,物权变动二元化立法模式的建立是切实可行的。     

国家创新体系:穷国追赶富国的加速器

国家创新体系的涵义和作用 ;中国、欧洲、日美国家创新体系的回顾 ;我国的国家创新体系之建构 :一是思想意识形态体系 ,二是经济运行体系 ,三是政治法律制度体系     

高校思政课的变革轨迹及所面临的问题

高校思政课是对大学生进行思想政治教育的主渠道,是社会主义高等教育的本质特征。从新中国建立至今,思政课始终随着国内和国际形势的变化而变化,改革开放以来,思政课经历了两次重大变革。"05方案"的实施,对加强和改进高校思政课具有重要的现实意义和深远的历史意义。当前思政课存在的主要问题是实效性差,为此,各级领导必须从战略高度重视师资队伍的建设和思政课的改革。对教师而言,要正视时代发展带来的新情况、新变化、新问题,努力使教育教学适应时代的发展,积极创新教学理念,在教法、考法上进行改革探索,以增强课程的感染力、吸引力、亲和力。     

改革开放30年思想政治教育的新变化

改革开放30年来，我国思想政治教育发生了重大的变化，简要地可以概括为“五化”，即思想政治教育目的现代化，教育原则人性化，教育内容科学化，教育方法多样化，教育手段信息化。     

试论政府制度创新成效的价值性准则

政府制度创新的成效是考量政府制度设计成功与否的标准。如何衡量政府制度创新的成效及衡量的标准一直是学术界关注的问题。本文认为,价值性标准是衡量政府制度创新的重要标准之一,其中,公正、民主、法治与以人为本成为判断政府制度创新成效最主要的价值标准。