浅谈改革开放30年经济刑法观念的变革

改革开放30年来，我国的经济体制发生了深刻的变革，社会主义市场经济体制逐步建立和完善，刑法观念也发生了一系列的内在变革：从政治功能观到经济功能观；从对经济犯罪的过度介入到适度调整；从对公有制经济的重点保护到对非公经济的平等保护；从罪刑心定到罪刑法定；从把刑法视为“刀’把子”偏重于打击犯罪到打击犯罪与人权保障并重；从对经济犯罪的重刑主义到宽严适度等等。刑法观念的变革必将进一步促进刑事立法的不断完善，为社会主义市场经济的健康发展提供有力的保障。     

Restraining Gulliver: Institutional reform and the strengthening of state capacity and compliance

Governance in the developing world is fraught with problems of corruption, weak institutions, and inadequate expertise among bureaucrats. Failing to enforce laws and regulations is one way in which these problems manifest themselves. In this paper, we evaluate changes across three institutions charged with oversight or administration of labor justice in Mexico. We find that both autonomy from the executive and professionalization are necessary to improve compliance with labor law over time. Our study shows that professionalization can occur in several ways, including through training, merit hiring, and introducing experienced external administrators. The implications of the study are that reforms that increase the independence and legal authority of oversight institutions should be complemented by efforts to strengthen the professionalism of bureaucrats.     

Political interference and regulatory resilience in Brazil

Governments face a fundamental tradeoff between regulatory independence and control. Attempts of interference have the effect of reducing the system's level of commitment and credibility. On the other hand, an administration runs the risk that the autonomy delegated to regulators might be used to pursue outcomes that may harm their interests. This tradeoff is particularly relevant when there is an alternation of power with the arrival of a new political elite with different preferences. This paper uses data from a 2016 survey on regulatory governance applied to Brazilian regulatory agencies. This data is compared to a similar survey performed in 2005. The new survey results turn out to be surprisingly similar to those of a decade earlier, suggesting strong resilience of regulatory agencies despite significant attempts at political interference by powerful presidents. The factors explaining the resilience of regulatory governance in Brazil lie in its broader institutional endowment, which moderates the effects of executive interference.     

Chemical trace XRF analysis to detect sharp force trauma in fresh and burned bone

Forensic anthropologists may not always be able to differentiate heat-induced fractures from fractures with other aetiologies, namely sharp force traumas, with clear nefarious impact on medico-legal conclusions. The objective of this study was to experimentally investigate if blade chemical traces are transferred to defleshed bone tissue and if they remain there after a burning event. This was accomplished by prompting sharp force traumas in 20 macerated fresh pig ribs with five different instruments, namely a stainless steel knife, an artisanal knife and a ceramic kitchen knife, a small axe and a large axe. Another pig rib was used as control, not being subjected to any trauma. All instruments were probed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to establish the composition of each blade. Bone samples, both pre-burned and post-burned (at 500 °C, 700 °C, 900 °C and 1100 °C), were then probed by XRF. All sharp force instruments left detectable chemical traces on pre-burned bone, although not in all samples. Furthermore, traces were still detected after experimental burning in most cases. Potentially, XRF can provide relevant information about the aetiology of fractures in burned and unburned bones, although the effect of soft tissues and diagenesis must still be investigated.     

Time burnt away: The impact of heat-induced changes on skeletal age-at-death diagnostic features

This paper investigates the established notion that bone calcination has a major impact on age estimation while low-intensity burns have a mere negligible impact. Few systematic researches have been carried out so far about this topic so the true impact of heat-induced changes on diagnostic age features is mostly unknown.The agreement between pre-burning and post-burning observations of age features was investigated on 51 human skeletons (22 males and 29 females with ages-at-death ranging from 61 to 93 years old) subjected to experimental burns. These skeletons belong to the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection housed at the Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology of the Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Portugal. The Suchey-Brooks method based on the pubic symphysis and the method developed on the auricular surface by Buckberry and Chamberlain (2002) were scrutinized.The Suchey-Brooks method provided better agreement between pre- and post-burn observations than the method from Buckberry and Chamberlain (2002). However, it became clear that heat-induced changes affected both methods regardless of heat intensity since both calcined bones and bones burnt at lower intensities often showed less than perfect agreement. Therefore, this research demonstrates that the analysis of age-at-death can be impaired in burnt bones, even those not subjected to calcination, with clear impact for forensic and archaeological investigations.     

趋同还是存异——世界经济一体化下各国劳动关系的比较研究

在1945 -1975年期间的所谓资本主义的黄金时代,典型资本主义社会的劳动关系各具特色,而且总体是协调的,劳资双方在妥协基础上达到了平衡,形成了劳资两利的双赢格局.随着世界经济一体化的不断深入,各个国家的劳动关系产生了柔性化的趋同倾向.趋同确实发生,但模式多样性持续存在并且在现代全球经济中依然重要.对于中国而言,在尊重市场原则的基础上,不迷信市场,充分重视制度作用和历史传承才是解决中国劳动关系问题的关键.     

我国民族区域自治制度架构的理路辨析

民族问题求"解",是一个带有普遍意义的世界性课题。中国实行民族区域自治的现代抉择,是把统一与自治、民族与区域、历史与现实、政治与经济、制度与法律、民主与集中、自然权利与国家权利因素有机结合,成功开拓出一条被实践证实、广泛为世界关注的经验之路。这是一则浩大的社会"方程",惟国家性质、历史背景、政策导向、及至厚重的文化根植推定这种制度安排。     

判决中的不同意见公开制度研究

判决中的不同意见公开制度起源于英美法系国家，而为传统大陆法系国家所反对，这是由于两者在制度类型上的差异所致。但是，随着司法制度的现代转型，大陆法系国家也开始采行不同意见公开制度。我国现行司法制度与大陆法系国家存在着历史的亲缘性和家族相似性，这成为阻碍不同意见公开的最大制度屏障。我国是否适时引进该制度，关键在于司法制度的现代转型能否以及在多大程度上取得成功。     

改革开放以来政府机构改革的分析与展望

文章盘点了机构改革“怪圈”循环的原因，指导性地提出了总的大略的对策、建议。     

莆田市党委常委担任统战部长情况的调查报告

莆田市将县区统战部长由常委担任后,统战工作出现新变化,地位提高了,力度加大了,协调容易了,职能落实了,队伍加强了,工作环境和条件改善了。