论人民政协在政治协商中的双重功能

人民政协在政治协商中具有主体地位和制度平台的双重功能。在实践中,主体地位表现为"与人民政协的协商",制度性平台的作用表现为"在人民政协的协商",同时,人民政协在政治协商中具有的双重功能是有机统一、相辅相成的。这双重功能是中共老一辈领导人的科学设计,自党的十一届三中全会以来得到继续坚持和发扬光大,它顺应了我国政治制度的内在要求。     

制约和监督权力的三大对策

腐败的实质就是公共权力的非公共运用,即被用来谋取私人利益。防止公共权力非公共运用的关键之点,是对权力实施制约和监督。实现对权力的制约和监督,应做到以法制权、以德制权、以权制权和以民制权。具体来说可从三个方面着手:一是筑牢思想防线。要激发领导干部自我制约和自我监督的内在自觉性,在思想上筑牢道德防线、纪律防线和法律防线。二是推进阳光用权。让权力在阳光下运行,接受民主监督,从而得到公众的理解和支持,赢得公众的信赖和拥护。三是坚持制度管权。制度管权是法治国家制约权力的通行法则,制度要具体实在,针对问题、解决问题,并且确保执行,只有这样才能做到把权力关进制度的笼子里。     

论行政法关系的设定权

行政法关系的设定权与立法机关表达国家意志的权力是同一范畴的东西。行政法关系的设定权是能够由设定主体直接确定相关权利与义务的权力。这种权力与行政主体的一般行政管理权存在较大差别,其在我国行政法治中具有非常重要的地位。行政法关系设定权有相应的制度构设,用法律手段对这一权力加以调整。在设定权的法律调控价值上,应选择限权式价值;在设定权的法律形式上,最好能够通过一部法典将行政法关系的设定权予以规定;在设定权的主体权限上,必须以实体权限的规定为核心,形式要件以实体要件为转移;在设定权的程序规则上,必须有程序上的保障机制。     

大力推进城市管理部门的体制改革——基于大部制语境下的思考

随着我国行政体制改革的不断深入,城市管理职能部门权责不清晰、协调途径不通畅、监督乏力等体制弊端越来越显现,业已成为提升城市管理能力、提高行政效率的瓶颈。在大部制语境下,我们应建立＂大城管＂制度,促进城市管理部门职能的整合,理顺城市管理职能部门间行政执法权关系,不断完善城市管理综合执法部门的内部监督和外部监督。     

制度伦理视域中新时期党风廉政建设的革新

我国廉政建设走过了令人瞩目的光辉历程,制度在道德意识和伦理精神的指引下实现了良性的成长。然而在新形势下廉政建设亦开始遭遇新的伦理困境。目前,促进廉政制度的完善应该重在对制度伦理的确定,促成法规与道德的统一,并使之上升为全社会的制度价值原则。     

浅析20世纪美国妇女社会地位的变化(英文)

Traditionally women’s primary role should be wives,mothers and homemakers,and today women are still mothers,but few of them stay home full time to take care of the house and children.They never cease their steps to gain equal rights with men.The paper will try to analyze the changes of women’s social status in the 20th century,exploring its reasons.     

政府购买公共服务模式的比较及解释——一项制度转型研究

政府购买公共服务是我国行政领域中的重大制度转型,而我国政府购买公共服务的目标模式来源于发达国家的实践。本文提出用制度化程度、竞争程度、主体间关系三个指标来描述政府购买模式,其中制度化程度指标尤为重要且影响着另外两个指标。研究发现,国内政府购买的学习标杆只有一种目标模式,但是学习的结果却呈现多元化状态。在路径依赖理论和利益集团理论的基础上,本文建构了初始状态和利益冲突制度转型的分析框架,并结合典型案例对我国政府购买的现状做出理论解释和政策建议。     

The global institutionalization of microcredit

This article explains how microcredit as a policy idea has been institutionalized at the transnational level, and what role strategic actors play in the institutional change and governance of microcredit. Special attention is given to three dominant actors, the Grameen Bank, the World Bank, and SKS Microfinance. To explain the emergence of microcredit as a transnational policy idea this article explores the relations between theories of institutional change and Rosenau's concept of spheres of authority.     

How electoral vulnerability affects pension politics: Introducing a concept,measure and empirical application

Are electorally vulnerable politicians really less likely to support controversial legislation, such as pension reforms? While the literature on welfare state retrenchment has increasingly pointed to the role of electoral factors in the dynamics of social policy cutbacks, there are few studies that actually measure the magnitude of electoral pressure and its consequent impact on the politics of reform. To this end, the authors have developed a quantitative measure of the electoral vulnerability of politicians and tested its impact on pension reform outcomes using an original dataset comprising 16 Western European countries from 1980 to 2003. In line with expectations, the results show that the impact of electoral vulnerability on reform depends upon the system of interest intermediation. In corporatist systems, electoral vulnerability indeed impedes reform. But in pluralist systems, increased electoral vulnerability is associated with higher levels of reform. This is because unions in corporatist (but not in pluralist) systems can exploit electoral vulnerability in pre‐legislative bargaining, and thus pressure politicians. Consequently, this study has broader implications for the differential responsiveness of democracies to redistributive issues more generally.     

促进中国服务贸易创新发展的要素分析与战略研究

尽管近年中国服务贸易发展迅速,但中国服务行业的创新能力相对薄弱,服务贸易的国际竞争力依然不强,整体发展水平明显滞后,对拉动国内经济增长的贡献还非常有限。为此,本研究围绕如何推动中国服务贸易创新发展问题,以波特的钻石模型理论为基础,从分析影响服务贸易创新发展的诸要素入手,重点探讨了目前中国服务贸易发展中存在的突出问题以及制度瓶颈,强调服务贸易创新发展的动力来源于政府的制度环境改善和企业的创新能力提升,并就此提出了一整套相应的促进战略举措。