刑法第182条之立法变迁及评析

我国1997刑法第182条将操纵证券交易价格的行为规定为犯罪,1999年刑法修正案将操纵期货交易价格的行为纳入刑法第182条的规制范围,2006年刑法修正案再度对刑法第182条予以修正。至此,刑法第182条适应了社会生活发展变化之需,加大了对操纵证券、期货交易市场行为的处罚力度。但刑法第182条将操纵证券市场的行为与操纵期货市场的行为混合规定,不符合经济行政法规对证券、期货市场规制不同步的现状,应分款予以规定;本条采取叙明罪状的规定方式,不符合本罪作为行政犯的基本规定方式,应规定为空白罪状。“操纵证券、期货市场罪”不能准确限定本条规定之罪的外延,应取名“操纵证券、期货交易市场罪”。     

论家庭承包经营制度的“三个转变”

我国农村土地经营制度的改革历程,经历了三个根本性的转变:一是从"家庭联产承包责任制"到"家庭承包经营制度"的转变;二是从债权型的家庭承包经营到物权化的家庭承包经营的转变;三是土地经营从短期承包到长期使用的转变.这三个转变确立了农民在市场经济条件下实行家庭承包经营的主体地位,赋予了农民长期而有保障的土地使用权.     

环境可持续发展原则探析

可持续发展原则是基于环境资源有限性与人类需要无限性、人类发展普遍性与区域发展不平衡性、经济发展高速性与环境质量渐恶性、和谐社会终极目标与不和谐社会现状等矛盾而产生的,有其存在的哲学和伦理基础.环境可持续发展原则要求实现代际公平、代内公平、资源可持续利用以及环境与经济社会发展协调,具体可以通过环境规划制度、循环生产制度、环境税收制度、清洁生产制度和生态补偿制度予以贯彻落实.     

DEVELOPMENT AND FRACTURE OF A DISCIPLINE: LEGACIES OF THE SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY AT BERKELEY

In the early twentieth century, the University of California—Berkeley opened its doors to police professionals for instruction in “police science.” This program ultimately developed into the full‐fledged School of Criminology, whose graduates helped shape American criminology and criminal justice until well into the 1970s. Scholarship at the School of Criminology eventually fractured into three distinct traditions: “Administrative criminology” applied scientific methods in pursuit of refining law enforcement practices, “law and society” coupled legal scholarship with social scientific methods, and “radical criminology” combined Marxist critiques of the state with community activism. Those scientific traditions relied on competing epistemic premises and normative aspirations, and they drew legitimacy from different sources. Drawing on oral histories and archival data permits a neo‐institutional analysis of how each of these criminological traditions emerged, acquired stability, and subsided. The Berkeley School of Criminology provides fertile ground to examine trends in the development of criminal justice as a profession, criminology as a discipline and its place in elite universities, the uncoupling of criminology from law and society scholarship, and criminal justice policy's disenchantment with the academy. These legacies highlight how the development of modern criminology and the professionalization of American law enforcement find precedent in events that originate at Berkeley.     

The Use of the Developmental Rate of the Aquatic Midge Chironomus riparius (Diptera,Chironomidae) in the Assessment of the Postsubmersion Interval

Nonbiting midges (Diptera, Chironomidae) are the most abundant members of the fauna associated with submerged carcasses, but their use in the medicolegal context is very restricted because of their complex ontogeny. In this case, the corpse of a woman was recovered in late spring from a river in Granada (Iberian Peninsula). It showed obvious signs of long permanence in the aquatic environment and, along with pulmonary and microscopical analyses, led to the conclusion that the cause of death was drowning. Several larvae‐like specimens were sampled from the scalp and later identified by morphological external features as IV instar larvae of Chironomus riparius Meigen, 1804 (Diptera, Chironomidae). Sequencing of cytochrome oxidase subunit I was performed to confirm the identification. The knowledge of the biology of C. riparius at low temperatures was critical to assess a postsubmersion interval of 16–17 days.     

Contextual Factors Influencing Collaboration Levels and Outcomes in National Forest Stewardship Contracting

The number of policies promoting collaborative processes in national forest management has increased considerably over the past decade but do mandates alone increase the levels of collaboration in national forest management? Collaborative governance literature identifies the importance of the situational context for the emergence and performance of collaboration but does not identify the role of specific attributes and processes. This article presents a comparative case‐study analysis of factors influencing levels of collaboration in USDA Forest Service stewardship contracting processes. Incorporating concepts from the collaborative governance literature and Institutional Analysis and Development framework we found policy and administrative guidance alone will not increase the use of collaborative processes associated with stewardship contracts. A combination of existing agency‐community planning efforts, leadership, and agency support were essential for collaboration to materialize. Top‐down policy direction meant to increase the use of collaboration to achieve natural resource management objectives must incorporate opportunities to establish these conditions.     

治理结构,权力机制与高校腐败——基于117个高校腐败案例的分析

基于新制度主义中的制度性同形理论,通过对117个高校腐败案例进行分析,发现高校腐败最大的特征就是与政府腐败特点的一致性,无论是在腐败主体特征还是腐败行为特征方面都极为相似。研究表明:在高等教育场域中,在强制性同形和模仿性同形机制作用下,高等教育场域中的高校与政府呈现组织性趋同现象,两者的组织结构、治理机制、监督漏洞、官场文化等方面都具有同形性,两者都采取相对集权的治理结构,而监督制衡机制效果不彰,无法有效地约束和限制权力,从而使高校腐败特征与政府腐败特征表现一致。从这个特点上来说,高校现有的治理结构和权力机制并没有体现出高校应有的独特性,其权力的运行机制也不足以控制腐败的发生。     

Economic Growth and Changes in the Branch Structure of Economy in Latvia： Linkage and the Sequence

From 2000 to 2012 the Latvian economy experienced four important events： （1） accession to the European Union in 2004; （2） the fastest GDP growth in the European Union and one of the fastest in the world in 2006; （3） the fastest GDP decrease in the European Union and in the world in 2009; and （4） resumption of economic growth in 2011. Such substantial changes during relatively short period of time make the experience of Latvia interesting in context of economic growth. Now Latvia has success in overcoming the consequences of the global economic downturn but the question which still remains relevant is the rationality of the branch structure of economy, because of high share of non-tradable sector in GDP. Such high fluctuations of the GDP during period analyzed, as well as requirements of the modem economy show the necessity to provide changes in the branch structure of economy. The most acceptable and popular direction in accordance with the strategy ＂Europe 2020＂ indicates that these changes should be in favor to the innovative manufacturing branches. On the other hand, the question--whether the changes in the branch structure of economy would be a tool for maintaining and providing the economic growth in Latvia--is actual. The importance and relevance of this question are reinforced by the fact that there is no consensus in the literature about the sequence of the economic growth and changes in the branch structure of economy. The article considers the linkage between economic growth and the changes in the branch structure of economy in Latvia, as well as search for sequence between these processes.     

公共服务领域内政府与社会组织的关系构建——基于博弈论研究的视角

国家与社会的现实关系在很大程度上反映着一个国家的治理水平。在公共服务领域,政府与社会组织之间的关系构建是一个重要的研究内容。在我国社会快速转型和变迁的背景下,构建中国式的政府与社会组织之间的关系显得更加迫切。文章运用博弈的视角,梳理了政府与社会组织关系的理论发展脉络,提出了变和博弈理念下我国政府与社会组织的关系——竞争与合作的关系,是中国式政府与社会关系发展的必然。最后,文章总结,在公共服务领域内,竞争与合作的关系模式必须通过构建政府与社会组织之间的信任机制、合作机制,同时,通过一系列制度化的发展才能够得以实现,最终发挥政府与社会组织在公共服务领域内的重要作用。     

From bandit colonialism to the modern triage society: Towards a moral and cognitive reconstruction of knowledge and citizenship

Abstract

This article argues that the transition from bandit colonialism through the intricate systems of the modern triage society that is wired for Western cultural compliance requires more than just critique, or a prayer for the meek to inherit the earth. It requires a decisive consensus that the meek do not inherit the earth by their meekness alone – they need defences of the mind and conceptual categories around which they can organise their thoughts and actions. Turning the previously colonised into participants in a new moral and cognitive venture against oppression requires more than just periodic elections – significant though electoral processes are. Addressing the atrophy of human capabilities that has characterised human development in the context of both bandit colonialism and the modern triage society demands the development of a plurality of insights, of critical traditions, and a deepening of the tools for diagnosis and hence the quality of prognosis. It may, in certain instances, demand a cognitive indifference to the Western model and a robust engagement with the methods of science and in particular their impact on sustainable livelihood when acting in consort with economics. But most of all it calls for a vigorous engagement with conceptual categories and the theoretical and cultural underpinnings from which they have descended, with the clear intention of their dismantling.